Questions and Answers
The term _____ refers to the fair and equitable distribution of advantages and disadvantages within a society to all people, regardless of their status.
social justice
_____ refers to a set of thinking rules used by groups of people to define reality or 'how we know what we know'.
Epistemology
Which characteristic is an interpersonal factor?
The relationships in which members of an individual's microsystem take part are referred to as his/her ____.
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The broad social and cultural forces that have the most widespread influence on the individual are referred to as the _____.
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Once it has been broken down into its component parts, ____.
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Systems theory focuses on ____.
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The idea that families interact in repetitive behavioral sequences is known among systems family therapists as ____.
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Which family's protocol is an example of a covert, unstated rule?
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Negative feedback, or _____ feedback loops, helps to ____ the system.
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According to the textbook, Virginia Satir argued that _____.
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The husband-wife dyad characterizes which type of subsystem?
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A metaphoric line of demarcation that separates an individual, a subsystem, or a system from outside surroundings is called a(n) ____.
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Which of the following is an example of an open system?
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Useful paper-and-pencil assessment devices for diagramming a family's connection to larger social systems are called _____.
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The standard systemic couples therapy approach to intimate partner violence has been criticized for ____.
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During the decade following World War II, the _____ was a factor that helped set the stage for the emergence of family therapy.
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Gregory Bateson and his colleagues redefined schizophrenia as _____.
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Fromm-Reichmann argued that male schizophrenia develops from a combination of a schizophrenogenic mother and a(n) ____ father.
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Theodore Lidz differed from other early family therapists by asserting that ____.
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Lidz viewed the marital schism as ____.
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Lidz's notion of marital skew holds that ____.
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Bowen's notion of emotional divorce within a family with a schizophrenic child can be described as the ____.
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Early marital counseling focused on the ____.
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Group therapy is sometimes advantageous over individual therapy because ____.
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Most people who seek help for their marriage are _____.
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The child guidance movement was based on the assumption that ____.
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The encounter group (part of the human potential movement) made a dramatic impact on the therapy scene in the 1960s and attracted large numbers of people, mostly from the ____.
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Most present-day therapists ____.
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Core competencies for family therapists help to ____.
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Licensure of marriage and family therapists provides several advantages. What is one of these?
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Which of the following regulates who may practice by defining educational and experience criteria and by stating the conditions under which a license may be revoked?
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Which of the following is an example of professional peer review?
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As a mental health practitioner on a panel of providers for a managed mental healthcare program, you may be required to ____.
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Therapists who are sued for malpractice will ____.
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Which of the following is a common type of malpractice suit?
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What is one of the main areas of professional practice included in the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy Code of Ethics?
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An ethical code violation, such as inappropriate advertising of one's services, is likely to be met with a(n) _____ -level sanction by an ethics committee.
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Family therapist DeAnn suspects that the parents of a family she works with are abusing one of their children. Which course of action should DeAnn take?
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In which situation would you, as a therapist, be allowed to breach confidentiality?
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A therapist's discussion with a client about whether or not to participate in e-therapy should include ____.
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Family therapist Todd has searched the marriage and family literature for information regarding the termination of therapy. What is the most likely conclusion that Todd will come to after his research?
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Clara has a client with whom she is experiencing serious and irresolvable conflicts in values. What course of action should Clara take?
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Which type of communication offers clients the most protection from forced disclosure of private matters discussed with their therapist?
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What is the definition of a system?
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Family system has __________ properties.
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Families are subject to _______ __________.
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What is needed for families who are depleted due to excess external and internal stress?
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What could families in poverty potentially feel?
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What is the 21st Century view of the family?
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Repeatable, preferred _________ develop for those that live together for any length of time.
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What are family interactive patterns?
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What do rituals help families do?
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What is Circular Causality?
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What is Constructivism?
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A typical family system is characterized by _____.
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Which statement about families is FALSE?
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According to Constantine, which statement describes an 'enabled' family?
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Which statement best describes today's average American family?
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Rituals can best be described as ____.
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Which outlook is best characterized by the belief that there is no 'true' reality, only the family's collectively agreed-upon set of constructions?
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Which of the following is NOT a key process in a family's resilience?
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Adopting a relationship outlook shifts attention from _____ to _____.
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Which statement best describes how gender differences emerge?
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Which statement is in opposition to how family therapists conceptualize gender roles in the family?
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African American families tend to view its members as made up of _____.
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Which social factor is the primary determinant of whether a person's experience of work is fulfilling or demoralizing?
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Family therapists describe first-order cybernetics as _____.
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The family therapist who joins a family and engages in a dialogue rather than observing from outside is probably an advocate of _____.
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The 'identified patient' is the family member _____.
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Family life cycles occur ____.
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Developmental tasks refer to ____.
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According to Zilbach (1989), a family stage marker is a(n) ____.
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Activities undertaken by families to overcome conflicts occurring at various stages in the family life cycle are called ____.
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Which event would be considered a family gain as described by Hoffman (1988)?
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Families that have developed effective collaborative ways of coping with adversity and hardship have ____.
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Which of the following would be considered a horizontal stressor?
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Which of the following would be considered a vertical stressor?
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According to the textbook, the most significant milestone in a family's life cycle is usually ____.
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Which experience is most useful in managing the transition from families of origin to coupling with a partner?
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According to Combrinck-Graham, which situation characterizes a centripetal period?
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Which event illustrates a centrifugal period?
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When a couple has lived together before marriage and established a satisfying and fulfilling sexual pattern, the transition to becoming marital partners ____.
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Which event is an example of contraction?
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Children of gay and lesbian parents tend to be generally ____.
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To be fully competent, a therapist must ____.
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Philpot proposed gender-sensitive family therapy that ____.
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The term _____ refers to shared, learned knowledge, attitudes, and behavior transmitted from one generation to the next.
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According to the therapists of the Women's Project in Family Therapy, traditional models of family therapy ____.
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Women who divorce later in life are ____.
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Men's studies seek to ____.
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A primary goal of gender-sensitive therapy is to ____.
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Gender-sensitive family therapy is best described as ____.
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To develop a multicultural framework, the family therapist must ____.
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Family patterns that are cultural-specific are ____.
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When working from a cultural-specific perspective, a family therapist is most likely to ____.
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Research conducted by Boyd-Franklin (2002) found that, unlike dominant cultural norms, _____ are more likely to adhere to cultural values that stress a collective identity, family connectedness, and interdependence.
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Family therapists are likely to be professional-managerial class in their ____.
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Professional competencies for therapists working from the perspective of social justice include ____.
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Study Notes
Family Systems and Relationships
- A system is composed of interacting units that form a cohesive whole.
- Family system characteristics include evolved rules, assigned roles, a power structure, communication styles, and problem-solving strategies.
- Unique constraints mean families adapt to each member's circumstances, maintaining connections even if a member feels alienated.
- Community support is crucial for families facing internal or external stressors.
- Families in poverty often feel isolated and defeated.
- The plurastic view of family recognizes diverse family forms in the 21st century.
Family Dynamics
- Patterns evolve among cohabiting individuals, leading to preferred methods of interaction for harmony.
- Family interactive patterns are predictable, collaborative behaviors each member engages in, maintaining established dynamics.
- Rituals assist families in adapting to changes and reinforce unity.
- Circular causality proposes that relationships and causal interactions are complex and non-linear.
Theories and Frameworks
- Constructivism states knowledge is shaped by subjective perceptions rather than an objective reality.
- First-order cybernetics refers to feedback processes governing behavior within family systems.
- An "enabled" family balances individual and collective needs effectively.
Family Life Cycle and Stressors
- Developmental tasks are necessary experiences for families to progress through various life stages.
- Vertical stressors arise from challenges within the family, while horizontal stressors are external events imposing change, like loss or change in jobs.
- Significant milestones in a family often include having children or key transitions in relationships.
Cultural and Gender Considerations
- Family structures vary widely; African American families often see a broader definition of family, including extended kin and friends.
- Gender roles influence family dynamics, with both traditional roles evolving in modern contexts.
- Gender-sensitive family therapy aims to empower both genders while recognizing societal stereotypes and constraints.
Social Context and Roles
- The concept of social justice emphasizes equitable distribution of societal advantages and disadvantages, impacting family therapy practices.
- Cultural-specific family patterns reflect shared knowledge, norms, and behaviors within specific groups.
- Therapists must adapt their approaches to understand diverse cultural backgrounds and familial structures.
Professional Competencies in Therapy
- Professional skills include recognizing one's own cultural biases and adapting therapy methods accordingly.
- Family therapy should account for varying degrees of social class impact on the experience of work and family dynamics.
- Collaborative approaches enhance therapeutic outcomes, promoting resilience among families in challenging situations.
Systems Theory in Family Therapy
- Systems theory emphasizes the interrelation of family components, proposing that families function as integrated units rather than isolated parts.
- The redundancy principle illustrates that families often engage in repetitive behaviors, influencing their interactions and coping mechanisms.### Family Dynamics and Therapy Concepts
- Covert family rules can manifest as protocols like not marrying outside one's religion or parental control over bedtimes.
- Feedback loops are classified into negative (attenuating; maintaining change) and positive (amplifying; maintaining system).
- Virginia Satir highlighted that dysfunctional families often demonstrate confusion regarding rules.
Subsystems and Boundaries
- The husband-wife dyad is categorized under the couples subsystem.
- Boundaries serve as metaphorical lines that protect individuals or subsystems from external influences.
- Open systems foster the exchange of information, exemplified by immigrant families adapting to new cultures.
Assessment Tools
- Tools for mapping family connections to social systems include ecomaps and genograms, useful for visualizing relationships.
Therapy Approaches and Historical Context
- Critique of systemic couples therapy focuses on issues like victim-blaming in intimate partner violence.
- The child guidance movement post-World War II played a significant role in the rise of family therapy.
Understanding Schizophrenia in Context
- Gregory Bateson redefined schizophrenia as an interpersonal phenomenon, while the role of a 'schizophrenogenic mother' has been debated.
- Theodore Lidz asserted that both marital schism and skew highlight challenges in family dynamics contributing to mental health issues.
Group Therapy Benefits
- Group therapy is beneficial over individual therapy by fostering greater support and reducing isolation.
Professional Ethics and Guidelines
- Most individuals seek marital help in crisis situations rather than for minor annoyances.
- The child guidance movement emphasizes early intervention for emotionally disturbed children to prevent later issues.
- Licensure of therapists includes standards for competency and ethical practice to protect clients.
Legal Considerations in Therapy
- Malpractice suits often arise from failures such as obtaining informed consent or maintaining accurate therapy records.
- Breaches of confidentiality can occur when clients pose a risk to themselves or others, such as minors revealing substance abuse.
Ethical Dilemmas in Practice
- Therapists must navigate complex situations, such as when to breach confidentiality or how to handle value conflicts with clients.
- Communication that maintains client protections from disclosure is labeled as privileged, emphasizing the ethical commitment to confidentiality.
Termination and Client Relationships
- There is no consensus in the field regarding the termination of therapy, highlighting the need for adaptive practices tailored to individual cases.
- When experiencing resolvable conflicts in values with clients, referring them to other therapists is advised to maintain professional integrity.
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Description
Explore the intricate characteristics of family systems, including roles, communication styles, and problem-solving strategies. Understand how community support plays a vital role in maintaining family cohesion, especially in challenging situations. Delve into evolving family dynamics and patterns of interaction to better grasp modern familial relationships.