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Questions and Answers
If bleeding does not stop, call your ______.
If bleeding does not stop, call your ______.
provider
Vitamin K is administered to promote the formation of ______ factors in the liver.
Vitamin K is administered to promote the formation of ______ factors in the liver.
clotting
Newborns should be assessed for signs of ______ during each diaper change.
Newborns should be assessed for signs of ______ during each diaper change.
infection
APGAR scores are taken at 1 and 5 minutes post-______.
APGAR scores are taken at 1 and 5 minutes post-______.
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Breastfeeding is recommended exclusively for the first ______ months.
Breastfeeding is recommended exclusively for the first ______ months.
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Signs of poor latch during breastfeeding can include ______.
Signs of poor latch during breastfeeding can include ______.
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Necrotizing enterocolitis is an acute inflammatory disease of the ______.
Necrotizing enterocolitis is an acute inflammatory disease of the ______.
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Retinopathy of Prematurity is caused by abnormal blood vessels growing in the ______.
Retinopathy of Prematurity is caused by abnormal blood vessels growing in the ______.
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Signs of fetal alcohol syndrome can include small eyes and a thin upper ______.
Signs of fetal alcohol syndrome can include small eyes and a thin upper ______.
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Signs of ______ syndrome in newborns include irritability and high-pitched cry.
Signs of ______ syndrome in newborns include irritability and high-pitched cry.
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The primary structure of family consists of a husband, wife, and their ______.
The primary structure of family consists of a husband, wife, and their ______.
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The best time to perform a breast self-exam is ______ days after the menstrual period.
The best time to perform a breast self-exam is ______ days after the menstrual period.
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A common cause of secondary amenorrhea is ______.
A common cause of secondary amenorrhea is ______.
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Chlamydia is often ______, meaning many individuals show no symptoms.
Chlamydia is often ______, meaning many individuals show no symptoms.
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The ______ contraceptive method involves the withdrawal of the male before ejaculation.
The ______ contraceptive method involves the withdrawal of the male before ejaculation.
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Fetal movement is typically felt around ______ weeks gestation.
Fetal movement is typically felt around ______ weeks gestation.
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The hormone ______ is produced by the placenta to maintain pregnancy.
The hormone ______ is produced by the placenta to maintain pregnancy.
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Acrocyanosis involves a bluish discoloration of the ______ within 24 hours of birth.
Acrocyanosis involves a bluish discoloration of the ______ within 24 hours of birth.
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Transient tachypnea of the newborn is commonly associated with babies born via ______.
Transient tachypnea of the newborn is commonly associated with babies born via ______.
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The first stool of a newborn, known as ______, is typically dark and sticky.
The first stool of a newborn, known as ______, is typically dark and sticky.
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Study Notes
Chapter 2: Family Structures
- Nuclear families consist of a husband, wife, and their children (biological or adopted).
- Extended families include grandparents, aunts, uncles, and other relatives living nearby or in the same household.
- Multigenerational families include three or more generations.
- Non-biological families include adopted, fostered, or kinship families.
- Married-blended families consist of stepsiblings.
- Cohabitating families are unmarried parents.
Chapter 3: Breast Self-Exam
- The best time to perform a breast self-exam is 5-7 days after menstruation.
- Observe for lumps, nipple inversion, dimpling, redness, and pain.
- Perform the exam while lying down and standing with the arm raised, using the opposite hand in a circular motion.
Chapter 4: Amenorrhea
- Primary amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation by age 13.
- Secondary amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation for two consecutive cycles or six months or more.
- Pregnancy is the most common cause of secondary amenorrhea.
- Other possible causes include eating disorders, exercise, or hormonal imbalances.
Chapter 4: Sexually Transmitted Infections & Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Treatment
Bacterial Infections
Chlamydia
- Symptoms are frequently asymptomatic.
- Common symptoms include dysuria, vulvar itching, and a gray/white vaginal discharge.
- Treatment is typically azithromycin (1 dose) or doxycycline (7 days), safe for breastfeeding and pregnant women.
Gonorrhea
- Common symptoms include dysuria, pelvic pain, and a purulent (pus-like) vaginal discharge. Treatment is typically ceftriaxone (one dose).
Syphilis
- Chancres (painless sores) are a common symptom.
- Skin rashes on the palms and soles, as well as lymph node swelling, may occur.
- Treatment is typically penicillin G.
Viral Infections
HPV
- Symptoms include cauliflower-like warts, bleeding after sex, and pain during sex.
- Treatment primarily involves cryotherapy for wart removal or chemical treatments.
HSV-2 (Herpes Simplex Virus)
- Painful genital sores, itching, fever, and swollen lymph nodes are typical symptoms.
- Treat with oral antiviral medication like acyclovir.
Bacterial Vaginosis
- Fishy odor is a common symptom.
- Treatment involves oral metronidazole.
Candidiasis (Yeast Infections)
- Vaginal itching, and a thick, cottage-cheese-like discharge are common symptoms.
- Treatment involves antifungal cream (like Monistat).
Trichomoniasis
- Yellow-green, foul-smelling discharge, strawberry cervix, and vaginal itching are symptoms.
- Treatment involves oral metronidazole, which is safe for pregnancy.
Chapter 5: Contraceptive Methods
- Coitus interruptus (pull-out method) is not effective in preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
- Fertility awareness methods (FAMs) track ovulation; they may not be accurate.
- Barrier methods (condoms, diaphragms, cervical caps, sponges) offer protection against STIs.
- Oral contraceptives contain hormones.
- Combined estrogen-progesterone contraceptives do not prevent STIs.
Chapter 6: Fetal Movement and Placental, Amniotic Functions
- Fetal movement, also known as quickening, is typically felt around 16-20 weeks.
- Counting fetal movements can help monitor fetal well-being.
- The placenta facilitates metabolic exchange between the mother and fetus.
- Amniotic fluid provides a cushioning environment and maintains the fetus's temperature.
Chapter 6: Polyhydramnios/Oligohydramnios
- Polyhydramnios (too much amniotic fluid) can be linked to renal abnormalities.
- Oligohydramnios (too little amniotic fluid) is associated with renal abnormalities.
Chapter 7: Calculating GTPAL
- Gravidity is the total number of pregnancies
- Term pregnancies are those that last longer than 37 weeks.
- Preterm pregnancies are those that last less than 37 weeks.
- Abortion is a pregnancy that ends before 20 weeks.
- Living children are those still alive.
Chapter 7: Physiological Changes of Pregnancy to the Body Systems
- The uterus enlarges during pregnancy due to increased estrogen, progesterone and vascularity changes. (Signs like lightening, Hegars and Braxton Hicks)
Chapter 8: Pregnancy Warning Signs
- Includes a list of possible dangers and warning signs related to pregnancy.
Chapter 9: Alcohol in Pregnancy
- There is no known safe level of alcohol consumption during pregnancy.
Chapter 10: Due Date Calculation
- Naegel's rule accurately predicts due date using the last menstrual period.
Chapter 11: Gestational Diabetes
- Gestational diabetes is detected after 20 weeks of pregnancy. A1C should generally be <= 6.5%.
Chapter 12: Preeclampsia, HELLP
- Preeclampsia is characterized by high blood pressure (≥140/90) and protein in the urine after 20 weeks of pregnancy.
- HELLP syndrome is a complication of preeclampsia characterized by hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets.
Chapter 12: Placental Abruption, Placenta Previa & Ectopic Pregnancy
- Placental abruption is the premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall.
- Placenta previa is when the placenta is implanted over or near the cervical opening.
- An ectopic pregnancy is one that implants outside the uterine cavity. (Usually in the fallopian tubes)
Chapter 13: Labor Positions
- Various positions during labor, such as upright, lying on the side, squatting, kneeling, or hands on knees are effective to promote labor progress.
Chapter 15: Electronic Fetal Monitoring
- Variable decelerations, early decelerations, and late decelerations are types of fetal heart rate patterns.
Chapter 16: Rupture of Membranes
- Rupture of the amniotic membranes can signify a need for monitoring fetal HR, maternal temperature, and assessment of the color/odor of amniotic fluid.
Chapter 17: Shoulder Dystocia & Prolapsed Cord
- Shoulder dystocia is a complication where the baby's shoulders are unable to pass through the birth canal.
- A prolapsed cord is when the umbilical cord descends ahead of the baby during labor.
Chapter 18: Postpartum Maternal Vitals
- Normal postpartum vital signs, precautions to take for postpartum.
Chapter 19: Lochia
- Lochia is a vaginal discharge following childbirth.
Chapter 20: Newborn Physiologic Adaptations
- Describes the transition of a baby from intrauterine life to extrauterine life, covering important physiologic adaptations as well as warning signs to watch for.
Chapter 21: Newborn Assessments & Care
- Covers physical assessment techniques, normal newborn findings, abnormal newborn findings, and warning signs related to newborn heath.
Chapter 22: Newborn Skin Conditions
- Includes a description of various skin conditions that may affect newborns.
Chapter 23: Newborn Head Abnormalities
- Describes different types of head abnormalities in newborns with their characteristics, potential causes, and risks.
Chapter 24: Hyperbilirubinemia
- Covers causes, signs, and treatment options for hyperbilirubinemia, which can affect newborns, distinguishing physiological from pathologic jaundice.
Chapter 25: Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
- Common signs, like high pitched cries, irritability, seizures, poor feeding, and diarrhea are key symptoms observed in withdrawal newborn.
Chapter 26: Newborn Pain & APGAR
- Describes signs and interventions for newborn pain.
- The APGAR score is described as a system for evaluating newborns' overall condition at birth.
Chapter 27: Umbilical Cord, Circumcision & Perineal Care
- Discusses care of the umbilical cord, details for circumcision, and care of perineal/genital areas following childbirth.
Chapter 28: Vitamin K & Erythromycin
- Discusses the importance and process of administering Vitamin K and Erythromycin eye ointment to newborns, including common causes or complications.
Chapter 29: Newborn Safe Sleep
- Importance of proper baby positioning to prevent various risks, and tips to keep newborn safe from suffocation or injury.
Chapter 30: Breastfeeding Tips
- Covers recommendations for breastfeeding, effective latching methods, benefits, and signs of poor latching
Chapter 31: Bottle Feeding Tips
- Advice on bottle feeding for parents; Includes safety and timing considerations.
Chapter 32: Macrosomic Infant
- Covers interventions for managing newborns with significantly elevated birth weights.
Chapter 33: Types of NEC
- Describes a specific condition affecting newborns with a focus on its causes, signs, and preventive measures.
Chapter 34: Fungal Infections
- Describes specific types of fungal infections and their impact on newborns.
Chapter 35:, Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome treatment
- Review of treatment for babies diagnosed with a particular condition that is characterized by signs and symptoms related to withdrawal.
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Description
Explore the concepts of family structures including nuclear, extended, and multigenerational families. Additionally, learn about breast self-exams and different types of amenorrhea. This quiz integrates essential knowledge related to the roles families play in health and wellness.
