Family Health and Nursing Care Overview

Primary Goal

• Promote and maintain optimal family health for childbearing and childrearing
• Provide preconception health care and nursing care throughout pregnancy
• Deliver nursing care to children from birth and to families in various settings

Philosophy

• Family-centered approach
• Community-centered focus
• Evidence-based practice

Goals and Standards

• Global health goals established by UN & WHO in 2000
• Millennium Development Goals aimed at eradicating poverty, literacy, and hunger
• Sustainable Development Goals focused on improving lives and prosperity

Theories

• Callista Roy’s Adaptation Theory: emphasizes adaptation and coping mechanisms
• Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Theory: focuses on patients' self-care and health
• Patricia Benner’s Novice-Expert Model: describes levels of nursing experience

Roles and Responsibilities

• Ensure patient-centered care
• Foster teamwork and collaboration
• Emphasize evidence-based practices
• Engage in quality improvement and prioritize safety
• Utilize informatics in healthcare

Legal Considerations

• Protect patients' rights and maintain confidentiality
• Ensure proper documentation and reporting
• Be conscientious and aware of legal responsibilities

Ethical Considerations

• Provide factual information while clarifying personal values without bias

Family Definition

• Composed of individuals related by blood, marriage, or adoption
• Defined by emotional bonds and living together as a household

Family Nursing

• Nursing care that takes into account the whole family unit and dynamics

Family Theory

• Incorporate family viewpoints to address health issues
• Consider family and community perspectives in care

Basic Family Types

• Family Orientation: family into which a person is born
• Family Procreation: family that an individual creates

Family Structures

• Childfree Family: couple without children
• Cohabitation Family: unmarried couple living together
• Nuclear Family: two parents with children
• Extended/Multigenerational Family: includes grandparents and more
• Single-Parent Family: emphasizes special parent-child relationships
• Blended Family: divorced individuals remarry with children
• Dyad Family: two adults living together, often newlyweds
• Binuclear Family: formed after divorce
• Communal Family: individuals choosing to live together
• Gay Family: same-sex couples living together
• Foster Family: temporary guardianship for children
• Adoptive Family: assumes full parental responsibilities
• Polygamous Family: multiple spouses, including polygyny and polyandry

Universal Characteristics of a Family

• Forms a small social system
• Performs basic functions such as care and nurture
• Has a defined structure
• Reflects specific cultural values and roles
• Progresses through life cycle stages

Characteristics of a Healthy Family

• Encourages growth and interaction among members
• Supports fulfillment and personal mastery

Family Tasks

• Physical Maintenance: provision of basic needs such as food and shelter
• Socialization of Members: teaching norms and values to family members
• Resource Allocation: distributing resources effectively within the family
• Maintenance of Order: ensuring organizational structure
• Division of Labor: sharing of responsibilities
• Reproduction and Recruitment: managing family member roles and introductions
• Integration into Society: connecting family members to the larger community
• Maintenance of Motivation and Morale: fostering encouragement and support

Family Life Cycle Stages

• Stage 1: Marriage
• Stage 2: Early Child-Bearing Family
• Stage 3: Family with Preschool Children
• Stage 4: Family with School-Age Children
• Stage 5: Family with Adolescents
• Stage 6: Launching Stage Family
• Stage 7: Family of Middle Years
• Stage 8: Family in Retirement

Special Family Concepts

• Boomerang Generation: young adults returning home post-college
• Sandwich Family: adults caring for both aging parents and children
• Empty Nest Syndrome: feelings of loneliness and grief post-children leaving

Family Assessment Tools

• Genogram: details family structure, history, and roles
• Ecomap: depicts family relationships with the community
• Family APGAR: screening tool for family function

Nursing Role in Reproductive and Sexual Health

• Obstetrics: care of women during pregnancy and childbirth
• Gynecology: study of female reproductive systems
• Andrology: specialty focused on male reproductive health
• Pediatrics: branch dedicated to children's health
• Neonatology: care of newborns and infants