Podcast
Questions and Answers
The professor mentions the phenomenon of "boomeranging" in the context of higher education. What primary factor does she suggest is driving this trend?
The professor mentions the phenomenon of "boomeranging" in the context of higher education. What primary factor does she suggest is driving this trend?
- An increased desire among recent graduates to maintain closer ties with their families.
- The rising cost of living and stagnant wages, making independent living difficult for young adults. (correct)
- A lack of job opportunities in rural areas, forcing graduates to return to urban centers.
- University programs not adequately preparing students for the workforce.
The professor discusses the disparity in educational funding between school districts like Detroit and Royal Oak. What is the most direct consequence of this funding disparity, according to her?
The professor discusses the disparity in educational funding between school districts like Detroit and Royal Oak. What is the most direct consequence of this funding disparity, according to her?
- An unequal distribution of educational resources and opportunities for students. (correct)
- A greater reliance on private tutoring and extracurricular activities in underfunded districts.
- A decreased emphasis on standardized testing in underfunded districts.
- A higher rate of teacher turnover in well-funded districts.
The professor shares an anecdote about a former TA struggling with student debt. What broader issue does this example highlight in the context of higher education?
The professor shares an anecdote about a former TA struggling with student debt. What broader issue does this example highlight in the context of higher education?
- The inefficiency of university financial aid offices.
- The rising cost of tuition and its impact on students' financial well-being. (correct)
- The declining value of a college degree in the job market.
- The lack of financial literacy among graduate students.
The professor discusses the allocation of merit-based versus need-based scholarships. What is the central irony she points out regarding their distribution?
The professor discusses the allocation of merit-based versus need-based scholarships. What is the central irony she points out regarding their distribution?
The professor contrasts adjunct and tenure-track professors. What is a key difference in their working conditions that impacts their ability to advance their careers?
The professor contrasts adjunct and tenure-track professors. What is a key difference in their working conditions that impacts their ability to advance their careers?
The professor cites research questioning the predictive validity of standardized tests (SAT/ACT) for college success. According to this research, what was the primary finding?
The professor cites research questioning the predictive validity of standardized tests (SAT/ACT) for college success. According to this research, what was the primary finding?
The professor emphasizes that gender is 'omni-relevant.' What does she mean by this statement?
The professor emphasizes that gender is 'omni-relevant.' What does she mean by this statement?
The professor distinguishes between 'sex' and 'gender.' How does she define 'sex' in this context?
The professor distinguishes between 'sex' and 'gender.' How does she define 'sex' in this context?
The professor mentions going to 'Babies R Us' as a field trip in her sociology of gender class. What sociological concept was she likely trying to illustrate with this experience?
The professor mentions going to 'Babies R Us' as a field trip in her sociology of gender class. What sociological concept was she likely trying to illustrate with this experience?
The professor states that gender is a social construction. What is the key characteristic of social constructs that supports this claim?
The professor states that gender is a social construction. What is the key characteristic of social constructs that supports this claim?
The professor gives the example of the historical reversal of pink and blue as gendered colors for babies. What point was she illustrating with this example?
The professor gives the example of the historical reversal of pink and blue as gendered colors for babies. What point was she illustrating with this example?
The professor describes studies where adults interact with babies dressed in different colors and labeled with different names (e.g., Sarah vs. Larry). What did these studies reveal about the influence of gender on perception and behavior?
The professor describes studies where adults interact with babies dressed in different colors and labeled with different names (e.g., Sarah vs. Larry). What did these studies reveal about the influence of gender on perception and behavior?
The professor notes that by third grade, differences emerge in how boys and girls perform in subjects like math, despite no cognitive differences existing prior to that age. What explanations does she offer for this divergence?
The professor notes that by third grade, differences emerge in how boys and girls perform in subjects like math, despite no cognitive differences existing prior to that age. What explanations does she offer for this divergence?
The professor discusses how math is 'gendered' in many Western countries. What evidence does she provide to suggest that this gendering of math is a social construct rather than a biological reality?
The professor discusses how math is 'gendered' in many Western countries. What evidence does she provide to suggest that this gendering of math is a social construct rather than a biological reality?
The professor states, 'We perform our gender.' What does she mean by this statement, drawing on the work of Erving Goffman?
The professor states, 'We perform our gender.' What does she mean by this statement, drawing on the work of Erving Goffman?
The professor mentions 'intersex' as a condition that complicates the gender binary. How does she define 'intersex'?
The professor mentions 'intersex' as a condition that complicates the gender binary. How does she define 'intersex'?
The professor explains that children who are intersex often undergo surgeries and hormone treatments. What is the primary reason for these interventions, according to the professor?
The professor explains that children who are intersex often undergo surgeries and hormone treatments. What is the primary reason for these interventions, according to the professor?
The professor states that the rate of intersex births is roughly the same as the rate of people born with red hair. What is the significance of this comparison?
The professor states that the rate of intersex births is roughly the same as the rate of people born with red hair. What is the significance of this comparison?
After discussing intersex conditions, the professor urges students to consider if biology isn't black and white, then...?' Complete the thought.
After discussing intersex conditions, the professor urges students to consider if biology isn't black and white, then...?' Complete the thought.
The professor discusses how toys are 'gendered.' What does this mean in the context of her lecture?
The professor discusses how toys are 'gendered.' What does this mean in the context of her lecture?
The professor asks if cars are 'gendered.' What does this mean?
The professor asks if cars are 'gendered.' What does this mean?
The professor mentions that adjunct professors are typically paid less than tenure-track professors. How can Universities get away with this?
The professor mentions that adjunct professors are typically paid less than tenure-track professors. How can Universities get away with this?
The professor briefly touches on resource dilution. Can you explain what this term means?
The professor briefly touches on resource dilution. Can you explain what this term means?
According to the lecture, which of the following has outpaced median family income when adjusted for inflation?
According to the lecture, which of the following has outpaced median family income when adjusted for inflation?
What does the speaker say about cognitive abilities and gender?
What does the speaker say about cognitive abilities and gender?
What characteristics describes the term 'gender binary'?
What characteristics describes the term 'gender binary'?
Which of the choices is NOT a topic that will be discussed in the next week?
Which of the choices is NOT a topic that will be discussed in the next week?
In many countries math skill development is the same for both boys and girls. What does that tell you about math?
In many countries math skill development is the same for both boys and girls. What does that tell you about math?
What is credentialism?
What is credentialism?
What is the difference between sex and gender?
What is the difference between sex and gender?
True or false: Women can be masculine.
True or false: Women can be masculine.
Roughly how long does it take a person to get their PHD?
Roughly how long does it take a person to get their PHD?
True or false: If you don't get tenure as a professor, you can keep working at that college without tenure.
True or false: If you don't get tenure as a professor, you can keep working at that college without tenure.
When do babies form their sense of gender?
When do babies form their sense of gender?
Can books be described as gendered?
Can books be described as gendered?
What word is defined as the ways in which someone holds themselves? In which they cut their hair? In which they adorn their bodies? In which they walk? In which they sit?
What word is defined as the ways in which someone holds themselves? In which they cut their hair? In which they adorn their bodies? In which they walk? In which they sit?
When gender is socially constructed, it is...
When gender is socially constructed, it is...
In terms of babies, which of the following statements are true?
In terms of babies, which of the following statements are true?
What profession could qualify for a merit-based scholarship?
What profession could qualify for a merit-based scholarship?
Where can people learn about social scripts?
Where can people learn about social scripts?
What is the primary reason the professor suggests that 'boomeranging,' or returning home after college, is now more prevalent among young adults?
What is the primary reason the professor suggests that 'boomeranging,' or returning home after college, is now more prevalent among young adults?
According to the professor, what is 'credentialism'?
According to the professor, what is 'credentialism'?
Why does the professor describe the distribution of merit-based scholarships as 'ironic'?
Why does the professor describe the distribution of merit-based scholarships as 'ironic'?
According to the professor's former advisor's study, what did they find regarding the relationship between SAT/ACT scores and college success?
According to the professor's former advisor's study, what did they find regarding the relationship between SAT/ACT scores and college success?
When the professor states that gender is 'omni-relevant,' what does she mean?
When the professor states that gender is 'omni-relevant,' what does she mean?
According to the professor, what is the primary difference between 'sex' and 'gender'?
According to the professor, what is the primary difference between 'sex' and 'gender'?
The professor gives the example of how pink used to be associated with boys and blue with girls. What is the significance of this example?
The professor gives the example of how pink used to be associated with boys and blue with girls. What is the significance of this example?
What did studies involving adults interacting with babies dressed in different colors (pink vs. blue) and labeled with different names (e.g., Sarah vs. Larry) reveal?
What did studies involving adults interacting with babies dressed in different colors (pink vs. blue) and labeled with different names (e.g., Sarah vs. Larry) reveal?
What does the professor mean when she states, 'We perform our gender'?
What does the professor mean when she states, 'We perform our gender'?
According to the professor, what is intersex?
According to the professor, what is intersex?
The professor compares the occurrence rate of intersex births to that of people born with red hair. What point is she trying to illustrate?
The professor compares the occurrence rate of intersex births to that of people born with red hair. What point is she trying to illustrate?
What is the purpose of the professor showing the two pictures of the same model, but in different attire?
What is the purpose of the professor showing the two pictures of the same model, but in different attire?
According to the professor, where do we learn about gender 'scripts'?
According to the professor, where do we learn about gender 'scripts'?
Why would a child be subjected to surgery and hormone treatments if they were intersex?
Why would a child be subjected to surgery and hormone treatments if they were intersex?
When we acknowledge that books can be 'gendered,' what does that mean?
When we acknowledge that books can be 'gendered,' what does that mean?
What is wrong with the commonly-held belief that someone who is male is analytical, while someone who is female has nurturing characteristics?
What is wrong with the commonly-held belief that someone who is male is analytical, while someone who is female has nurturing characteristics?
Prior to third grade, there are no differences in how kids are performing in the classroom. After third grade, different performances begin to show. What is a reason given for this disparity?
Prior to third grade, there are no differences in how kids are performing in the classroom. After third grade, different performances begin to show. What is a reason given for this disparity?
When the professor says, 'Biology isn't black and white. Then neither should all of these things, all of these traits', what does she mean?
When the professor says, 'Biology isn't black and white. Then neither should all of these things, all of these traits', what does she mean?
Why do people generally pick one and only one surgery, for an intersex child?
Why do people generally pick one and only one surgery, for an intersex child?
If some cultures don't see a disparity between skill levels for boys and girls in math, what can you conclude?
If some cultures don't see a disparity between skill levels for boys and girls in math, what can you conclude?
If cars can be described as 'gendered,' what kind of statement can you make?
If cars can be described as 'gendered,' what kind of statement can you make?
With the knowledge that cars can be gendered, what other item can you describe as 'gendered?'
With the knowledge that cars can be gendered, what other item can you describe as 'gendered?'
If the gender binary refers to 'the ways in which people generally think there being two sexes and two genders,' then a non-binary person must...
If the gender binary refers to 'the ways in which people generally think there being two sexes and two genders,' then a non-binary person must...
The professor is discussing adjuncts vs. tenured track employees. What statement can you make about this scenario?
The professor is discussing adjuncts vs. tenured track employees. What statement can you make about this scenario?
You are getting ready to go to college, and need to apply for a scholarship. Is it better to apply for one based on merit, or need?
You are getting ready to go to college, and need to apply for a scholarship. Is it better to apply for one based on merit, or need?
In the topic of higher education and adjunct professors, universities hire adjunct faculty and pay them less, while tuition costs soar. Where is the money from students going?
In the topic of higher education and adjunct professors, universities hire adjunct faculty and pay them less, while tuition costs soar. Where is the money from students going?
What is the hidden curriculum?
What is the hidden curriculum?
Resource dilution is...
Resource dilution is...
There is a gap for education for African-American and Caucasian people. What statement can you make about this scenario?
There is a gap for education for African-American and Caucasian people. What statement can you make about this scenario?
What can happen after seven years in a tenure-track position?
What can happen after seven years in a tenure-track position?
A professor will often hold a PHD. How long does it often take to achieve this goal?
A professor will often hold a PHD. How long does it often take to achieve this goal?
Fill in the blank: We ____ our gender.
Fill in the blank: We ____ our gender.
What are our assumptions of what it means to be masculine?
What are our assumptions of what it means to be masculine?
If a student has a 3.89 GPA in high school, how might their scholarship be classified?
If a student has a 3.89 GPA in high school, how might their scholarship be classified?
Books are _____.
Books are _____.
Men used to wear ____.
Men used to wear ____.
There is a need for student loans because...
There is a need for student loans because...
There is no cognitive difference between boys and girls in math until the ____ grade.
There is no cognitive difference between boys and girls in math until the ____ grade.
Which statement is true?
Which statement is true?
Why does the professor emphasize the importance of unlinking sex and gender?
Why does the professor emphasize the importance of unlinking sex and gender?
What is the primary implication of the professor's statement that "gender is omni-relevant?"
What is the primary implication of the professor's statement that "gender is omni-relevant?"
According to the professor, what is the MOST accurate way to describe the relationship between biology and gender?
According to the professor, what is the MOST accurate way to describe the relationship between biology and gender?
What is the central idea behind the professor's explanation of 'performing gender'?
What is the central idea behind the professor's explanation of 'performing gender'?
What does the professor suggest about the impact of resource dilution on student performance?
What does the professor suggest about the impact of resource dilution on student performance?
In the context of higher education, what primary issue does the professor highlight with the increasing reliance on adjunct professors?
In the context of higher education, what primary issue does the professor highlight with the increasing reliance on adjunct professors?
Based on the professor's discussion of intersex individuals, what is the MOST accurate conclusion one can draw?
Based on the professor's discussion of intersex individuals, what is the MOST accurate conclusion one can draw?
What is the sociological significance of gender reveal parties, according to the professor?
What is the sociological significance of gender reveal parties, according to the professor?
How could something like a children's book be described as gendered?
How could something like a children's book be described as gendered?
What is the significance of mentioning that, in the 1920s, pink was considered a color for boys, while blue was for girls?
What is the significance of mentioning that, in the 1920s, pink was considered a color for boys, while blue was for girls?
Flashcards
Boomeranging
Boomeranging
A recent trend where young adults return to live with their parents after a period of independence.
Cost of Living Increase
Cost of Living Increase
Increased cost of housing and daily expenses, exceeding wage growth.
Black/White Disparity
Black/White Disparity
Differences in resources and opportunities based on race, affecting access to education and other services.
Credentialism
Credentialism
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Merit Scholarships
Merit Scholarships
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Financial Need Scholarships
Financial Need Scholarships
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Adjunct Professors
Adjunct Professors
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Tenure/Tenure Track Professors
Tenure/Tenure Track Professors
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Gender Performance
Gender Performance
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Gender
Gender
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Sex
Sex
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Gender Binary
Gender Binary
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Intersex
Intersex
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Gendered Items
Gendered Items
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Performance (Goffman)
Performance (Goffman)
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Income and Education
Income and Education
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Omnirelevance of Gender
Omnirelevance of Gender
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Study Notes
- The lecture covers family, gender, and education with a focus on sociological perspectives.
- There will be a graded quiz on family and gender next week.
Higher Education and Boomeranging
- Boomeranging is a phenomenon where young adults return to live with their parents after living independently.
- This is becoming more common due to rising housing costs and cost of living, while wages remain stagnant.
- Boomeranging disproportionately affects Black and Brown individuals due to student loan needs and disparities in education funding.
- Detroit's underfunded education system compared to Royal Oak gives Royal Oak students an advantage.
- Education level correlates with income.
- A Black-white income gap persists even with the same education level.
- Credentialism is a growing trend requiring more training, certifications, and licenses for various occupations.
- Tuition costs are rising faster than inflation, making education increasingly expensive.
Scholarships
- Scholarships can be merit-based or need-based.
- Merit scholarships are more accessible to high-income students, while need-based scholarships are harder to obtain.
- Students from high-income households are more likely to receive merit scholarships than lower-income students.
- High tax bracket results in better education resources.
Adjunct Professors
- Adjunct professors are part-time lecturers, typically with a PhD, who did not secure a tenure-track position.
- Unlike tenure-track positions adjuncts often teach more courses for lower pay with fewer or no benefits
- Tenure-track positions require publishing research, creating difficulty for adjuncts who are overloaded with teaching.
- Tenure is earned through a voting process based on publication and research after roughly seven years.
- Those who fail to achieve tenure must seek employment elsewhere.
Predictive Value of Standardized Tests
- SAT and ACT scores were found to be statistically significant in predicting college success in only one semester of the student's second year.
Gender Introduction
- Gender is omnirelevant and affects personal and interpersonal aspects of life.
- Sociologists view gender as a performance.
Defining Sex and Gender
- Sex is assigned at birth based on genitalia and biological factors.
- Gender is a social construct, a performance of femininity, masculinity, or non-binary identities.
Gender Examples
- Examples of masculine behaviors for female-identifying individuals include hunting and manspreading.
- Examples of feminine behaviors for male-identifying individuals include watching certain TV shows and wearing anklets.
Social Construction of Gender
- Gender is a social construction that varies over time and across cultures.
- Men used to wear high heels, and in some cultures, men wear jewelry and makeup.
- Pink was historically associated with boys, symbolizing strength, while blue was for girls, seen as dainty.
- Gender reveal parties reinforce social constructs by associating pink with girls and blue with boys.
- Gender norms are imposed early in life, with assumptions about women being nurturing and men being strong and independent
- These ideas are not rooted in biological determinants.
Gendered Baby Studies
- Studies involving babies dressed in pink or blue and given different names (Sarah or Laird) showed adults interact with them differently based on perceived gender.
- "Sarah" was described as sweet and loving, while "Larry" was seen as strong.
- People hold and play with babies differently based on perceived gender.
Gendered Education
- Boys and girls are often directed towards different fields of study.
- Men are more likely to pursue computer science, engineering, and business.
- Assumptions exist that boys are naturally better at math, while girls are better at language, despite there being no difference until around the third grade.
- Boys may receive more praise for excelling in math, reinforcing gendered perceptions.
- Math is gendered in only half of similar countries.
Gender and Biology
- The gender system assumes biology determines traits, leading to expectations of men being ambitious and unexpressive, and women being docile and emotional.
- Sociological perspective emphasizes the separation of sex and gender and the social construction of gender.
- Gender binary is the concept of two sexes and genders.
Intersex
- Intersex refers to ambiguous genitalia or chromosomal variations.
- Intersex individuals used to be referred to as hermaphrodites.
- Intersex is as common as red hair.
- Due to binary gender enforcement, intersex individuals often undergo surgeries and hormone treatments to align with a specific sex.
- Intersex challenges the notion of biology as binary and suggests that gender characteristics are not black and white.
Performing Gender
- Gender is performed, as Erving Goffman stated.
- Performance includes ways of holding oneself, dressing, walking, and sitting.
- Gender scripts are learned early on through interactions, toys, and parental guidance.
- Toys and books are gendered.
- Cars can be gendered as well, with trucks and certain colors being seen as masculine.
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