Fall Semester Exam Review - Chapter 13

Fall Semester Exam Review - Chapter 13

• Europe is a continent with diverse ethnic groups, each with unique languages, traditions, and histories.
• Cultural crossroads are geographic areas where various cultures intersect, often due to trade or migration.
• Europe is geographically divided into regions based on culture, history, and economics. Examples of recognized regions include Eastern Europe, Western Europe, and the Nordic Countries.
• Art and literature represent a society's cultural expressions, encompassing visual arts (like painting and sculpture) and written works.
• Christianity is a significant monotheistic religion, stemming from the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
• Roman Catholicism is a branch of Christianity, led by the Pope, emphasizing traditional doctrines and practices.
• Eastern Orthodoxy is another branch of Christianity, separate from Roman Catholicism, with its own traditions and practices.
• The Bubonic Plague, otherwise known as the Black Death, was a devastating pandemic that struck Europe in the 14th century (1347-1351), significantly reducing the population.
• The Holocaust was a systematic persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by Nazi Germany and its allies during World War II.
• Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) share common historical, cultural, and linguistic traits.
• The euro is the official currency of the European Union.
• Balkanization is the fragmentation or division of a region or country into smaller, often hostile political units.
• Satellite nations are countries that are formally independent but are heavily influenced or controlled by a more powerful nation through political, military, or economic means.

Anti-Semitism (Chapter 15)

• Anti-Semitism is prejudice, discrimination, or hostility directed towards Jews.
• Anti-Semitism has existed for many centuries and manifests through various forms, such as religious, social, economic, and racial hatred.