21 Questions
During 'La Noche Triste,' the Spanish attempted to flee but were attacked and suffered heavy losses - Mexica did not fight at ______, so Spanish-Tlaxcalan forces tried to flee during a rainy night
night
Spanish forces were weakened by ______, which spread throughout Tenochtitlan
smallpox
Cortés planned a siege of Tenochtitlan, surrounding the city and cutting off ______ supply
water
The allies once used to fill gaps in the battlefield now fought as ______
warriors
In a last-ditch effort, the Mexica elected a sacred quetzal-owl warrior to scare and distract the ______.
Spaniards
The Mexica's morale increased, but the city's starvation, disease, and dwindling resources could not prevent the Spanish from pushing ______.
further
Spain gained access to gold, silver, corn, chocolate, vanilla, chili, and other valuable resources as a result of the ______.
conquest
What was the outcome of the capture of three men by the sacred quetzal-owl warrior?
The Mexica's morale increased, but the city continued to suffer from starvation and disease
What marked the end of the Aztec Empire and the birth of modern Mexico?
The destruction of Tenochtitlan
What significant impact did the conquest have on both the Old and New Worlds?
It altered the courses of both worlds
What event led to the deaths of those defending the Tlatelolco marketplace?
The Spanish initiated multiple surges into the city
How did the Spanish attempt to gain an advantage during the siege of Tenochtitlan?
By using deception and trickery
What factor weakened the Spanish forces during the siege?
Smallpox epidemic
What event characterized 'La Noche Triste' for the Spanish forces?
Fleeing during a rainy night and suffering heavy losses
What tactics did Spanish commander Cortés use to gain an advantage during the siege of Tenochtitlan?
Deception and trickery
What significantly weakened the Spanish forces during the siege of Tenochtitlan?
Smallpox
What event marked the end of the Aztec Empire and the birth of modern Mexico?
The capture of Tenochtitlan
What impact did the siege have on the Mexica's resources and morale?
Extreme starvation, disease, and dwindling resources, weakened morale
What event marked the end of the Aztec Empire and the birth of modern Mexico?
The fall of Tenochtitlan on 13 August
What valuable resources did Spain gain access to as a result of the conquest?
Gold, silver, corn, chocolate, vanilla, chili, and other valuable resources
What significant impact did the conquest have on both the Old and New Worlds?
It altered the courses of both worlds
Study Notes
- Aztecs and Spaniards' relationship turned hostile, with Moctezuma being taken hostage and local nobles killed
- Tenochtitlan in rebellion, Spanish forces trapped in the city
- Spanish commander Cortés used deception and trickery to gain an advantage
- During "La Noche Triste," the Spanish attempted to flee but were attacked and suffered heavy losses
- Mexica did not fight at night, so Spanish-Tlaxcalan forces tried to flee during a rainy night
- Spanish forces were weakened by smallpox, which spread throughout Tenochtitlan
- Cortés planned a siege of Tenochtitlan, surrounding the city and cutting off water supply
- Spanish ships controlled the lake and dominated the Mexica war canoes
- The siege lasted for months with little progress made
- Cortés ordered a full assault on the city, but it was a trap and many Spanish soldiers were captured or killed
- Spanish morale was low and food supplies were running out, leading Cortés to plan more desperate measures
- Spanish forces made permanent progress into the city as Tenochtitlan suffered from extreme starvation and the Mexica were weakened by the smallpox epidemic.- The allies once used to fill gaps in the battlefield now fought as warriors.
- The Spanish initiated multiple surges into the city in late July, pushing the Mexica towards the Tlatelolco marketplace and surrounding precincts.
- Alvarado entered the marketplace on 27 July, resulting in the deaths of those defending it.
- In a last-ditch effort, the Mexica elected a sacred quetzal-owl warrior to scare and distract the Spaniards. This warrior reportedly captured three men and brought them to Cuauhtémoc for sacrifice.
- The Mexica's morale increased, but the city's starvation, disease, and dwindling resources could not prevent the Spanish from pushing further.
- The Mexica could no longer fight, and Tenochtitlan fell on 13 August, marking the end of the Aztec Empire and the birth of modern Mexico.
- Spain gained access to gold, silver, corn, chocolate, vanilla, chili, and other valuable resources as a result of the conquest.
- This conquest marked the first significant encounter between the Old and New Worlds, altering the courses of both worlds.
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Test your knowledge about the fall of Tenochtitlan and the Aztec Empire at the hands of the Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés. Learn about the siege, deception, disease, and ultimate surrender that led to the end of the Aztec Empire and the beginning of modern Mexico.
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