Fake News Manipulation Strategies
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Questions and Answers

Factoids are news about events that have not ______.

happened

The second circle of fake news includes strategies such as opportunism and ______ manipulation.

frame

The use of ______ lies can be considered a part of the third circle of manipulative practices.

white

Jokes and white lies comprise the third ______ within the universe of fake news.

<p>circle</p> Signup and view all the answers

In post-truth contexts, the ______ media plays a crucial role in shaping public perceptions.

<p>mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

Omissions and choices related to contextualization are part of the second circle's ______ strategies.

<p>opportunistic</p> Signup and view all the answers

The chapter discusses how certain manipulative practices have become increasingly ______ over the course of the last century.

<p>prevalent</p> Signup and view all the answers

The manipulation of reality can occur through quantitative ______ and qualitative alteration.

<p>deformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

The intentional effort of one or more individuals can result in a false belief about what is really going on in a situation, leading to a _____ of some part of the world.

<p>falsification</p> Signup and view all the answers

Those who engage in deception can be referred to as _____, fabricators, or deceivers.

<p>operatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

Individuals who are tricked in a deception are often called _____, marks, or victims.

<p>dupes</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a business dinner scenario, the wholesaler may play the role of a friend while his true purpose is purely _____ (to sell).

<p>commercial</p> Signup and view all the answers

Many companies present themselves with _____ values to gain trust, even when their intentions may be commercial.

<p>ethical</p> Signup and view all the answers

This manipulation often obscures a different picture and is pervasive in _____ media.

<p>news</p> Signup and view all the answers

Strategic communications are often disguised as _____, aiming to persuade audiences.

<p>news</p> Signup and view all the answers

The overarching aim of those engaging in this form of manipulation is primarily _____ in nature.

<p>persuasive</p> Signup and view all the answers

Deepfakes can be used in ______ by creating videos of political figures giving speeches.

<p>politics</p> Signup and view all the answers

Deepfake technology allows for perfect ______ thanks to the use of composite images.

<p>verisimilitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

Frames help us understand different ______ within our society, such as weddings and funerals.

<p>situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

The danger of deepfakes lies in their ability to exploit our belief in the ______ of what we see and hear.

<p>authenticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Deepfakes create a ______ of the speaker, allowing them to say or do anything.

<p>simulacrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

Frame manipulation can lead to ______ confusion, misleading those involved.

<p>frame</p> Signup and view all the answers

Deepfakes exploit our trust in our own ______ perceptions.

<p>sensory</p> Signup and view all the answers

The idea that a picture is worth a thousand ______ reflects the convincing nature of visual media, including deepfakes.

<p>words</p> Signup and view all the answers

The communist government of Poland tried to downplay the numbers and impact of John Paul II's ______ to Poland.

<p>journey</p> Signup and view all the answers

The weak Iranian government used similar strategies following the return of ______ Khomeini from exile.

<p>Ayatollah</p> Signup and view all the answers

The controversy about Donald Trump's inaugural ceremony was marked by clashing ______.

<p>numbers</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qualitative alteration suggests making things appear ______ than they are.

<p>different</p> Signup and view all the answers

A famous photograph of St. Paul's Cathedral became an icon of resistance during ______.

<p>World War II</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Daily Mail retouched the photo of St. Paul's Cathedral to make the scene appear darker and more ______.

<p>dramatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

German newspapers used the retouched image to imply that England was ______ and close to surrender.

<p>exhausted</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thanks to ______, anyone can now retouch photos using their smartphones.

<p>Photoshop</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bernays organized a group of young women to smoke cigarettes in the 1929 Easter Sunday ______.

<p>parade</p> Signup and view all the answers

The event was financed by the American Tobacco Company with the goal of increasing female ______ of its product.

<p>consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

The event was called a pseudo-event, reflecting the ______ nature of its planning for commercial gain.

<p>artificial</p> Signup and view all the answers

To guarantee optimum visibility, it was ______ beforehand to the media.

<p>publicized</p> Signup and view all the answers

The theatrical skills of the creators are important, but the attitude of the media and large tech ______ is also decisive.

<p>companies</p> Signup and view all the answers

Femen activists are known for disrupting official gatherings and confronting politicians while ______.

<p>naked</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pussy Riot protested Putin's re-election by performing a sacrilegious song in the Cathedral of Christ the ______.

<p>Saviour</p> Signup and view all the answers

The creation of pseudo-events is a strategy practised by every office and agency of ______ in our media-saturated society.

<p>communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

The exploitation of beliefs and emotions for manipulative ends is supported by studies from mass psychology and ______.

<p>sociology</p> Signup and view all the answers

The rise of the ______ approach has influenced many areas within philosophy.

<p>postmodernist</p> Signup and view all the answers

Constructivist approaches arise from various ______ perspectives.

<p>sociological</p> Signup and view all the answers

Communication theories have encouraged the social construction of ______ by the media.

<p>reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

Journalists are increasingly viewed as constructors of ______ rather than mere representatives.

<p>reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

A foundational adherence to a natural realism considers communication as a ______ reality.

<p>secondary</p> Signup and view all the answers

The chapter identifies five processes contributing to the weakening of the concepts of ‘truth’ and ______.

<p>reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

A shift towards a constructivist attitude aligns reality with ______.

<p>communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Book Title and Authors

  • The History and Theory of Post-Truth Communication
  • Giovanni Maddalena and Guido Gili

Contents

  • What Are We Talking About?
  • Post-Truth in Practice
    • Who's Speaking (But Really)?
    • The Rigged Game of Framing
    • Words That Obscure Facts
    • The Creation of Pseudo-Events
    • Factoids: Media Hallucinations That Modify Reality
    • Lies, Omissions, and Much More
    • A Typology of Fake News
  • Post-Truth in Theory
    • Understanding (and Exploiting) Human Motives
      • The Mob Mentality
      • War and Totalitarian Regimes: The Grand Laboratory
      • Selling Ideas on the Market
      • The Homogenization of Mass Society
  • The Critique of Truth
    • Truth and Truths: Developments in Philosophy
    • From Social Order to Communicative Order: Developments in Sociology
  • The Backlash and Side Effects
    • New Entrants into the Media
      • Unwelcome Protagonists: New Heroes and New Armies
    • Disintermediation: New Rules of Engagement
    • Infiltrating the Network: Circumvention
  • The Future of Post-Truth: Defences, Defended, and Defenceless
    • Who Is Most Vulnerable?
      • The Desire to Believe
      • Not Me! The Third-Person Effect
      • The Peripheral Route of Attention
      • Conspiracy Theories
  • Three Strategies to Defend Yourself
    • Cultivating Critical Thought
    • Back to Reality. Which Reality?
    • A Proposal of Rich, Relational Realism

References

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Description

This quiz explores the various strategies and practices associated with fake news and manipulation in the media. It covers the definitions and implications of factoids, deceivers, and the role of media in shaping perceptions within a post-truth context. Test your knowledge on these critical manipulative practices and their evolution over time.

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