28 Questions
Which method is used for detection and quantification of worm eggs in faecal samples?
Mc-master
Which technique has the advantage of being cheap and having a short processing time?
Direct Smear
Which technique has the advantage of having a high limit of detection?
Cornell-Wisconsin
Which technique is time-consuming and has low accuracy?
Mc-master
Which technique involves the use of artificial intelligence for automated detection and counting of eggs?
Artificial intelligence-based automated detection
What does selective or targeted therapy aim to do?
Reduce selection pressure for anthelmintic resistance
What is refugia?
The portion of the parasite population that has not been treated
What is the rationale behind the Direct Smear technique?
Mixing faeces with saline or iodine on a microscope slide
Which method of egg counting does not require technical skills and allows for remote identification and counting of eggs using digitalized images?
FECPAK
Which method of egg counting requires a centrifuge and can detect some parasites but not Trematodes?
FLOTAC
Which method of egg counting involves centrifugal flotation of eggs in a specialized device and subsequent examination of the top layer?
FLOTAC
Which method of egg counting involves mixing the faecal sample with a water filter to remove debris, labeling the eggs with fluorescent dye, and counting them using an automated algorithm?
Parasight system
Which method of egg counting is considered the gold standard for detecting anthelmintic resistance?
FEC Reduction test
Which method of egg counting calculates the number of eggs per gram of faeces using the formula: $No. of eggs/g faeces = rac{{No. of eggs counter imes 60 imes ext{{total volume (ml)}}}}{{0.3 imes ext{{volume of counted chamber (ml)}} imes ext{{Weight of faeces (g)}}}}$?
McMaster Egg Counting
What is the cut-off level for fecal count reduction that suggests the presence of resistance?
95%
What is the formula for calculating fecal egg count reduction (FECR)?
$FECR = 1 - (T2/T1) * 100$
When should the second fecal sample be collected for the FEC Reduction test if testing all anthelmintic groups in the same flock?
Day 14 post treatment
What does the FECR value of 91.8% indicate in the given example?
Presence of anthelmintic resistance
What is the rationale behind the Mc-master technique?
Faeces are mixed in a flotation solution and loaded into Chambers on a slide and then floated.
What is the advantage of the Cornell-Wisconsin technique?
Cheap, high limit of detection
What is the limitation of the Direct Smear technique?
Qualitative, very low accuracy, precision and sensitivity
What is the purpose of selective or targeted therapy?
Reducing selection pressure for anthelmintic resistance by providing refugia
What does the term 'refugia' refer to in the context of worm control?
The portion of the parasite population that has not been treated
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the FLOTAC technique?
Advantages: high-sensitivity, median processing time. Disadvantages: consuming, requires a centrifuge.
Explain the rationale behind the Mini-FLOTAC technique.
The Mini-FLOTAC technique is a modified version of FLOTAC that does not require a centrifuge and requires less volume.
What is the rationale behind the FECPAK technique?
The rationale behind the FECPAK technique is that eggs are floated in a flotation solution, accumulated into a single viewing area, and imaged.
Describe the Parasight system technique and its advantages and disadvantages.
The Parasight system technique involves mixing a faecal sample with a water filter to remove debris, labeling the eggs with fluorescent dye, and counting them using an automated algorithm. Advantages: high precision, does not require technical skills, fast, automated counting, digitalised image. Disadvantages: expensive, some results need to be confirmed visually, does not detect overlying eggs, cannot differentiate in the presence of high degree background.
What is the gold standard for detecting anthelmintic resistance? Explain the FEC Reduction test and how it is used.
The gold standard for detecting anthelmintic resistance is the FEC Reduction test. The FECR test is used for detection of anthelmintic resistance by comparing the fecal egg count (FEC) on two faecal samples: (1) at the time of treatment and (2) at defined times after treatment. The percentage reduction between the first and second fecal samples is calculated to determine the treatment efficiency and presence of resistance.
Test your knowledge on faecal egg counting and its importance in detecting gastrointestinal parasites in animals. Learn about the evolution of detection methods, from simple faecal smears to artificial intelligence-based automated detection.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
