Factors Influencing Taste Perception

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Why is D-Glucose sweet, but L-glucose has a slightly salty taste?

L-glucose has an additional functional group that alters its taste.

D-Glucose has more hydroxyl groups than L-glucose.

The acidity of L-glucose makes it taste salty.

The stereochemistry of glucose affects its taste. (correct)

Which type of flavoring materials are considered effective in masking the taste of bitter drugs?

Fruit-flavored vehicles

Cocoa-flavored vehicles (correct)

Salty-flavored vehicles

Citrus-flavored vehicles

Why is the selection of flavoring agents important based on the age of the patient?

Certain flavors react differently with the digestive system in children.

The taste buds of children are more sensitive than adults.

Different age groups prefer different flavors. (correct)

The metabolism of flavoring agents varies with age.

What type of flavors are frequently used to combat sour or acid-tasting drugs?

Raspberry and citrus flavors Signup and view all the answers

How do structural changes impact the taste of compounds according to the text?

Even simple structural changes can alter taste. Signup and view all the answers

Why are cocoa-flavored vehicles considered effective for bitter drugs?

Cocoa-flavored vehicles have pleasant masking properties. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the oil-water partition coefficient is true?

It measures a molecule's preference for the lipophilic phase. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines the extent of drug dissociation or ionization?

The pH of the medium containing the drug. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about hygroscopic powders is true?

They tend to absorb moisture from the air. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for adjusting the pH of the vehicle in drug formulation?

To control the drug's solubility and stability. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the dissociation constant (pKa) is true?

It is usually determined by potentiometric titration. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about deliquescent powders is true?

They tend to absorb moisture from the air and liquefy. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to weigh hygroscopic or deliquescent powders quickly?

To avoid absorbing moisture from the air and giving inaccurate weights Signup and view all the answers

In what type of containers should solvates and hydrates be packaged?

Tight containers Signup and view all the answers

Why are many drugs used as their 'salts'?

To increase their aqueous solubility Signup and view all the answers

What defines the portion of a drug in solution that will be absorbed for systemic effect?

Dissociation constant Signup and view all the answers

Why is it recommended to store all chemicals in 'tight' containers?

To minimize exposure to high humidity Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a hygroscopic powder absorbs moisture from the air during weighing?

It increases its weight inaccurately Signup and view all the answers

How many pilot-scale batches of the drug substance should be manufactured for data collection?

At least three Signup and view all the answers

What should the packaging for the drug substance stability studies simulate?

The packaging proposed for final product Signup and view all the answers

How many batches of the manufactured dosage form should be included in the stability studies?

At least three Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following attributes should NOT be tested during the stability studies?

Manufacturing process attributes Signup and view all the answers

What type of products may require separate protocols for stability studies?

Biotechnological/biological products Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a functionality test mentioned in the text?

Metered-dose delivery system test Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sulfite agents is NOT covered by the FDA regulations?

Potassium sulfite Signup and view all the answers

Why does the FDA permit the use of sulfites in prescription products?

There are no generally suitable substitutes for sulfites to maintain potency in certain medications. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using an inert gas like nitrogen to replace the air in the packaging of oxygen-sensitive drugs?

To prevent the drug from reacting with the air. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using antioxidants in certain pharmaceutical preparations?

To help stabilize the drug and maintain its potency. Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if certain antioxidants are used in pharmaceutical preparations?

The antioxidants can inactivate the drug they were intended to stabilize. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason why oxygen may be a concern in the storage and preparation of certain pharmaceutical products?

Oxygen can improve the taste and appearance of certain drugs. Signup and view all the answers