Factors Influencing Earthquake Impacts
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Questions and Answers

Define Seismic Loads.

Applying an earthquake's agitation to a structure.

What is Spectral Acceleration?

Maximum acceleration experienced by a structure at a particular time period during an earthquake.

Explain Structural Assessment.

Examining the sufficiency, strength, and integrity of structures and their components.

What are the types of natural disasters mentioned in the text?

<p>Floods, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, tornadoes, and earthquakes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are natural disasters considered unavoidable?

<p>Because they occur unexpectedly, in unforeseen locations, and with tremendous force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do natural disasters affect individuals and habitats?

<p>They cause harm to individuals and their habitats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors determine the nature and extent of earthquake impacts?

<p>Geographical location, urban or rural context, population density, level of development, and infrastructure resilience</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often do earthquakes occur globally on average?

<p>55 earthquakes daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 2021, how many earthquakes with a magnitude of five or higher were recorded worldwide?

<p>2,206 earthquakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the magnitude of the record-breaking earthquake that occurred in Chile on May 22, 1960?

<p>9.5 on the moment magnitude scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long did the earthquake in Chile on May 22, 1960, last?

<p>Approximately 10 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What additional disaster was triggered by the earthquake in Chile on May 22, 1960?

<p>Catastrophic tsunami</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of pushover analysis in seismic engineering?

<p>To generate capacity curves and assess the structure's seismic capacity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does pushover analysis assist in seismic retrofitting?

<p>By identifying structural deficiencies and vulnerabilities to guide retrofitting measures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does pushover analysis play in design optimization efforts?

<p>It helps in optimizing new designs by informing decisions on material selection, member sizing, and detailing configurations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do capacity curves in pushover analysis illustrate?

<p>The relationship between applied lateral forces and structural displacement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is nonlinear time history analysis important in seismic building design?

<p>To consider significant deformations beyond the elastic range during strong earthquakes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do engineers benefit from nonlinear time history analysis?

<p>By capturing phenomena like yielding, plastic deformation, and structural damping for true seismic performance understanding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of earthquakes in relation to public buildings and infrastructures?

<p>Earthquakes have the capacity to initiate cracks or complete destruction of public buildings and infrastructures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Nonlinear Hysteresis Model focus on in terms of the relation between base shear and displacement?

<p>The Nonlinear Hysteresis Model focuses on the relation between base shear and displacement at X direction under differing gravitational scale factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Table 4.5 provide information about?

<p>Table 4.5 provides information about the obtained minimum displacements of the COT Building under increasing base shear forces at X direction under differing gravitational scale factors from 0.1g - 0.4g.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Fragility Curves of College of Technology (COT) Building represent?

<p>Fragility Curves of College of Technology (COT) Building represent the vulnerability of the building to seismic events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Chapter 4, what does the Drift Vs Acceleration section focus on?

<p>The Drift Vs Acceleration section in Chapter 4 focuses on the relationship between drift and acceleration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What software was used for conducting the nonlinear time history analysis in the study?

<p>ETABS software</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was emphasized as a result of the building's displacement and story drift exceeding allowable limits?

<p>The need for proper consideration of seismic effects in design and retrofitting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which seismic design codes were evaluated in the study by Hosseini et al. (2019)?

<p>IBC 2009 and ACI 318-2014</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the abbreviation for International Building Code 2009 edition?

<p>IBC</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of lateral load bearing systems were considered in the study by Hosseini et al. (2019)?

<p>Special moment frame</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main concern raised by recent seismic events according to the study?

<p>Inadequate performance and collapse of buildings designed in compliance with seismic design codes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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