58 Questions
What is the main stimulus for respiration in clients with chronic lung diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
Oxygen concentrations
Which factor affects oxygenation by increasing the rate and depth of respirations due to physical activity?
Lifestyle
What is a common manifestation of hypoxia?
Rapid, shallow respirations
What condition refers to reduced oxygen in the blood and is characterized by low hemoglobin saturation?
Hypoxemia
What can happen if the cerebral cortex faces hypoxia for more than 3 to 5 minutes?
Permanent damage
How does an acutely hypoxic client usually appear compared to a chronically hypoxic client?
Anxious and tired, sitting position
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
Gas exchange between the individual and the environment
Which component of respiration involves the movement of air between the atmosphere and the alveoli of the lungs?
Pulmonary ventilation
What factor is essential for adequate ventilation of the lungs?
Clear airways
What is the role of gas exchange in respiration?
Diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide at alveoli
What does inspiration refer to in the process of breathing?
Inhaling air into the lungs
Which system must be intact for adequate ventilation to occur?
Respiratory system
What is the function of diffusion in gas exchange?
Exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide at alveoli
What does an intact thoracic cavity contribute to in terms of ventilation?
Expanding and contracting during breathing
What is the role of lung compliance in ventilation?
It affects the expansibility of lung tissue.
During inspiration, what happens to the thoracic cavity size?
It increases.
How does surfactant affect lung recoil?
Reduces surface tension in alveoli.
What is tidal volume?
Volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each breath.
How does diffusion play a role in alveolar gas exchange?
Moves gases from areas of lower pressure to higher pressure.
What happens when carbon dioxide pressure is higher in the alveoli than in the blood?
Carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveoli for elimination.
What primarily triggers chemoreceptors to stimulate respiration?
Decreased oxygen concentration in arterial blood.
How can excessive hematocrit levels affect oxygen transport?
Reduce oxygen transport
What characterizes kussmaul’s breathing?
Rapid and deep breathing
What is one cause of upper airway obstruction as mentioned in the text?
Foreign object like food in the airway
Which nursing diagnosis is related to oxygenation problems as per NANDA International?
Ineffective airway clearance
What is a nursing intervention to facilitate pulmonary ventilation mentioned in the text?
Encouraging deep breathing and coughing
How can a nurse promote normal respirations in clients according to the text?
Providing frequent changes in position
What is the purpose of abdominal (diaphragmatic) and pursed-lip breathing exercises?
To remove secretions from the airways
How do humidifiers assist in maintaining respiratory health?
By thinning respiratory secretions
Which medication type may be used to treat respiratory problems according to the text?
Bronchodilators
What is the preferred route of administration for the drugs mentioned in the text?
Inhalation
What is the main purpose of Incentive Spirometry as described in the text?
Improve pulmonary ventilation
Which technique involves forceful striking of the skin with cupped hands to help loosen respiratory secretions?
Percussion
When is oxygen therapy typically prescribed for clients as per the text?
For clients with gas exchange impairment or heart failure
Which statement regarding oxygen therapy is true according to the text?
The nurse should not start oxygen therapy without a physician’s order, even in emergencies.
Which intervention may follow percussion to aid in loosening thick secretions?
Vibration
What does Postural Drainage involve?
Draining secretions from various lung segments using gravity
What is the purpose of Vibration as mentioned in the text?
Loosen thick secretions
What happens to lung recoil when surfactant production is reduced?
Lung recoil increases
How does cardiac output affect the rate of oxygen transport to tissues?
Increased cardiac output increases oxygen transport
What is the primary role of the body's respiratory center located in the medulla oblongata and pons?
To maintain correct levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen ions
What has the strongest stimulating effect on respiration according to chemoreceptors?
Increased carbon dioxide concentration
Which component of the respiratory system is responsible for the movement of air between the atmosphere and the alveoli of the lungs?
Pulmonary ventilation
What is a crucial factor influencing adequate ventilation of the lungs, as mentioned in the text?
Central nervous system integrity
Which process involves the transport of oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs?
Respiratory function
What is the primary function of gas exchange within the respiratory system?
Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion
What is the primary purpose of using Percussion, Vibration, and Postural Drainage techniques in respiratory care?
To facilitate gas exchange
In oxygen therapy, why is the concentration of oxygen considered more important than the liter flow per minute?
Concentration directly impacts gas exchange efficiency
Which scenario would indicate a need for oxygen therapy for a client according to the text?
Gas exchange impairment
Which of the following conditions is characterized by insufficient oxygen anywhere in the body, from the inspired gas to the tissues?
Hypoxia
Why is a low-flow oxygen system considered essential for clients with COPD?
To maintain respiratory gaseous exchange
What clinical manifestation may be present due to hypoxemia in a client?
Clubbing of fingers and toes
In terms of respiration, which pattern is characterized by a slow rate and may be seen in clients who have taken drugs like morphine?
Bradypnea
What distinguishes the appearance of an acutely hypoxic client from that of a chronically hypoxic client?
Anxious appearance
What is the purpose of kussmaul’s breathing as described in the text?
To eliminate excess CO2 from the body.
How does orthopnea differ from dyspnea based on the text?
Orthopnea is the inability to breathe in an upright position, while dyspnea is difficult breathing.
Which intervention can help promote oxygenation as per the text?
Positioning the client for maximum chest expansion.
How can humidifiers contribute to maintaining respiratory health according to the text?
By thinning respiratory secretions for easier movement.
Explore the factors influencing respiratory function, particularly in clients with chronic lung diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Learn about how oxygen concentrations, instead of carbon dioxide concentrations, affect respiration in these clients, known as the hypoxic drive. Discover why low concentrations of supplemental oxygen are administered to individuals with certain chronic lung diseases.
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