Factors Affecting Respiratory Defense in Swine

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What is the main mechanism by which environmental influences can impair the respiratory defenses in swine?

Overwhelming the pulmonary macrophages

Introducing primary respiratory pathogens

Causing necrosis of the airway epithelium

Binding to the cilia and causing ciliostasis (correct)

Which of the following primary respiratory pathogens is most commonly associated with the development of secondary bacterial bronchopneumonia in swine?

PRRSV

M. hyopneumoniae

PCV2

All of the above (correct)

Which of the following factors is LEAST likely to contribute to the overwhelming of respiratory defenses in swine?

Exposure to primary respiratory pathogens (correct)

Concurrent infections

Nutritional deficiencies

Stress

Which type of pneumonia in swine is characterized by cranioventral consolidation and suppurative bronchopneumonia?

Suppurative bronchopneumonia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of pulmonary macrophages in the respiratory defense mechanisms of swine?

Phagocytizing and clearing pathogens and debris from the lungs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following environmental factors is MOST likely to contribute to the development of pulmonary edema in swine with respiratory disease?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the major manifestation of enzootic pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae?

Dry or crackling, hacking cough Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection on macrophages?

Impaired phagocytic activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae penetration into the respiratory epithelium?

Clumping and loss of cilia Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic incubation period of enzootic pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae?

10-16 days Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial species is associated with toxemic bronchopneumonia in cases of enzootic pneumonia?

Pasteurella spp. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for a dry hacking cough in pigs affected by enzootic pneumonia?

Excessive mucus production by goblet cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of the ApxI toxin in the pathogenesis of porcine pleuropneumonia?

It induces apoptosis in porcine alveolar epithelial cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the initial stage of infection in porcine pleuropneumonia?

Attachment of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae to the tonsil epithelial cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the pathogenesis of porcine pleuropneumonia?

Induction of septicemia (bloodstream infection) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of porcine pleuropneumonia?

Macrophages are debilitated by the hemolysin produced by the bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following clinical signs is NOT associated with porcine pleuropneumonia?

Septicemia (bloodstream infection) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of porcine pleuropneumonia?

Cytokine production excites the host defenses and increases alveolar capillary permeability Signup and view all the answers