Factors Affecting Pain Response
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following factors can lower a person's pain threshold?

  • Healthy diet
  • Past experience (correct)
  • Genetic predisposition
  • High physical activity

    • Opioid tolerance leads to a stronger effect of the same dose of an opioid agonist.

    False

    What age group is generally more sensitive to experimental pain compared to younger adults?

    Older adults

    An individual’s expectation can significantly alter both the perceived pain intensity and ______ patterns during painful stimuli.

    <p>brain activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following genetic factors has been suggested to influence pain sensitivity?

    <p>Subtle changes in DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each demographic with their pain response characteristics:

    <p>Women = Increased pain sensitivity and more painful diseases reported Men = Generally less variability in pain responses Older Adults = More sensitive or less sensitive to pain based on context Younger Adults = Typically more recognized and treated for pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Culture does not play a role in how individuals respond to pain.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What psychological conditions can impact a person's pain perception?

    <p>Anxiety and depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'P' in the pain assessment acronym stand for?

    <p>Provocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Placebos should be used to assess or manage pain according to the American Society of Pain Management Nurses.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four aspects of assessment for a client experiencing pain?

    <p>Client's perception of pain, physiologic response to acute pain, behavioral responses to acute pain, and impact of pain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 'S' in the pain assessment acronym indicates _______.

    <p>Severity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following pain characteristics with their definitions:

    <p>Intensity = The strength of the pain Quality = The nature of the pain (sharp, dull) Location = The area where pain is felt Duration = The length of time the pain is experienced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a physiologic response to acute pain?

    <p>Emotional detachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Guarding is a behavioral response to acute pain.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are aggravating or alleviating factors in the context of pain assessment?

    <p>Factors that increase (aggravate) or decrease (alleviate) the pain experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a higher pain threshold indicate?

    <p>Lower pain sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic pain typically lasts less than 6 months.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors can increase pain tolerance?

    <p>Alcohol, hypnosis, warmth, distraction, spiritual practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _________ in older adults may decrease sensitivity to pain of low intensity.

    <p>Aging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following factors with their effects on pain response:

    <p>Fatigue = Decreased pain tolerance Alcohol = Increased pain tolerance Anxiety = Increased pain sensitivity Past trauma = Influences pain sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not considered a sociocultural influence on pain?

    <p>Physical health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Emotional status can impact a person's sensitivity to pain.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is acute pain?

    <p>Pain resulting from sudden trauma or surgery, usually sharp and localized, lasting less than 6 months.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect of analgesic agents?

    <p>Respiratory depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tolerance to opioids does not develop in patients taking them for prolonged periods.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one method of pain relief that involves the use of a mild electrical current.

    <p>TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Addiction is characterized by the need to take the drug for its _______ effects.

    <p>psychic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following analgesic administration routes with their characteristics:

    <p>Oral = Simplest method for administration Transdermal = Delivers continuous level of medication Intravenous = Provides rapid onset of pain relief PCA = Allows patient-controlled analgesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which patient population is more likely to experience adverse drug effects?

    <p>Geriatric patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic patients may require more time between medication doses due to decreased metabolism.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What surgical procedure is used to relieve pain by cutting spinal cord nerves?

    <p>Cordotomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a cordotomy?

    <p>To relieve intractable pain from the lower trunk and legs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rhizotomy is useful in controlling pain in the upper trunk, such as pain caused by lung cancer.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of nerve is primarily affected during a neurectomy?

    <p>Peripheral cranial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A _____ is a surgical procedure that divides the fibers of the lateral spinothalamic tract.

    <p>cordotomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following surgical procedures to their descriptions:

    <p>Cordotomy = Divides fibers of the lateral spinothalamic tract Rhizotomy = Resection of a posterior nerve root before spinal cord entry Neurectomy = Interrupts a peripheral cranial nerve Neurectomy of foot = Targets the 5th nerve for trigeminal neuralgia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pain Characteristics

    • Tingling sensation often peaks in hands and feet, with pain intensity ranging from moderate to severe.
    • Opioid tolerance occurs when there is decreased responsiveness to opioids, necessitating higher doses for pain relief.

    Factors Affecting Pain Response

    • Past Experience: Trauma influences sensitivity and perception of pain.
    • Psychological Factors: Anxiety and depression can lower pain threshold.
    • Cultural Influences: Culture shapes communication of pain, emotional responses, pain intensity, tolerance, beliefs, and coping strategies.
    • Gender Differences: Women experience more variable responses to pain, exhibiting increased sensitivity and reporting more painful conditions.
    • Genetics: Variations in DNA can explain individual differences in pain perception and sensitivity, with certain genes impacting pain receptor functionality.
    • Age Considerations: Older adults may either have increased sensitivity or decreased sensitivity to pain, often leading to under-recognition and undertreatment of pain.
    • Expectations: An individual’s expectations can significantly alter pain perception; for example, placebo effects demonstrate that anticipating lower pain can reduce the sensation of pain.

    Pain Assessment

    • Evaluate the patient's pain goals, meaning of pain, associated behaviors, and physiological responses.
    • Use key characteristics: intensity, timing, location, and quality of pain, along with aggravating or alleviating factors.

    Pain Assessment Acronym

    • OPQRST:
      • O = Onset
      • P = Provocation
      • Q = Quality
      • R = Radiation
      • S = Severity
      • T = Time
    • WILDA:
      • W = Words (description from the patient)
      • I = Intensity
      • L = Location
      • D = Duration
      • A = Aggravate/Alleviate

    Nursing Process for Pain Management

    • Assessment: Focus on client perception, physiological responses, behaviors, and pain threshold.
    • Pain Threshold: Varies individually; higher threshold indicates lower sensitivity and vice versa.
    • Pain Tolerance: Defined as the maximum pain a person can endure; factors affecting it include repeated pain episodes, fatigue, and external influences like alcohol or hypnosis.

    Classification of Pain

    • Acute Pain: Results from sudden trauma or surgery, characterized as sharp, localized, sudden onset, and lasting less than six months.

    Opioid Considerations

    • Individual assessment for maximum safe opioid dosage is crucial.
    • Tolerance develops with prolonged opioid use, requiring increased dosages for effective relief.
    • Dependence and Addiction: Dependence leads to withdrawal symptoms upon cessation while addiction is characterized by a compulsive need for drug effects, which is negligible in therapeutic contexts.

    Routes of Administration for Analgesics

    • Oral: Simplest method, but slower onset.
    • Transdermal: Provides continuous medication delivery.
    • Intravenous: Offers rapid onset and is short in duration; can be combined with patient-controlled analgesia (PCA).

    Adverse Effects of Analgesics

    • Potential side effects include respiratory depression, sedation, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and pruritus.

    Neurologic and Neurosurgical Pain Control Methods

    • TENS Units: Use mild electrical currents for pain relief.
    • Intrathecal and Epidural Catheters: Administer pain medications directly into the spinal canal or epidural space.
    • Surgical Interruptions:
      • Cordotomy: Divides lateral spinothalamic tract fibers to block pain signals.
      • Rhizotomy: Resection of posterior nerve roots for pain in the upper trunk.
      • Neurectomy: Resects peripheral nerves to alleviate severe pain conditions.

    Considerations for Older Adults

    • Increased risk of adverse drug effects and chronic illnesses.
    • Potential necessity for extended intervals between medication doses due to altered metabolism and excretion related to aging.

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    Related Documents

    MS1 Pain Management PDF

    Description

    Explore the various factors that influence pain perception and sensitivity. This quiz covers topics such as opioid tolerance, past experiences, and anxiety that can affect how individuals experience pain. Understand the complexities of pain management and response.

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