Facilities Layout and Office Design
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Questions and Answers

What is the formula to calculate the minimum number of workstations required?

  • N = (∑t / CT)
  • N = (∑t) / CT (correct)
  • N = CT / t
  • N = (CT / ∑t)

    • What is the purpose of a precedence diagram?

  • To determine the minimum number of workstations required
  • To show elemental tasks and their precedence requirements (correct)
  • To show the physical arrangement of resources
  • To calculate the percent idle time

    • What type of layout is used when the product is larger and cannot be moved?

  • Fixed-position layout (correct)
  • Process layout
  • Product layout
  • Hybrid layout

    • What is the efficiency of a process calculated by?

    <p>1 - Percent idle time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate the percent idle time?

    <p>Idle time per cycle / (N)(CT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of layout planning?

    <p>To decide on the best physical arrangement of resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the last step in designing a product layout?

    <p>Compute efficiency and balance delay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of hybrid layouts?

    <p>They combine elements of both process and product layouts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key trade-off in designing open concept offices?

    <p>Proximity and privacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of facilities layout design?

    <p>Use workers and space efficiently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of product layout?

    <p>High rate of output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of product layout?

    <p>Fairly inflexible to changes in volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of line balancing in product layout design?

    <p>To assign tasks to workstations with equal time requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cycle time in product layout design?

    <p>The maximum time allowed at each workstation to complete its set of tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is office landscaping important in open concept offices?

    <p>To help solve the privacy issue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the considerations in designing product layouts?

    <p>The sequence of tasks to be performed by each workstation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Psychological Needs of the Organization

    • Open concept offices promote understanding and trust among employees
    • Flexible layouts incorporating "office landscaping" can help solve the privacy issue in open office environments

    Facilities Layout

    • The configuration of departments, work centers, and equipment, with an emphasis on the movement of work (customers or materials) through the system
    • Objective of layout design:
      • Use workers and space efficiently
      • Avoid bottlenecks
      • Minimize unnecessary material handling costs
      • Eliminate unnecessary movement of workers or materials
      • Minimize production time or customer service time
      • Design for safety

    Product Layout

    • Advantages:
      • High rate of output
      • Low unit cost
      • Labor specialization
      • Low material handling cost
      • High utilization of labor and equipment
    • Disadvantages:
      • Inflexible to changes in volume
      • Needs preventive maintenance
      • Individual incentive plans are impractical
      • Poorly skilled workers

    Line Balancing

    • The process of assigning tasks to workstations to have approximately equal time requirements
    • Cycle time: the maximum time allowed at each workstation to complete its set of tasks on a unit
    • Formula to determine the minimum number of workstations required: N = (∑t) / CT
    • Formula to calculate percent idle time: Percent idle time = Idle time per cycle (N)(CT) / CT
    • Formula to calculate efficiency: Efficiency = 1 - Percent idle time

    Precedence Diagram

    • A diagram that shows elemental tasks and their precedence requirements
    • Used to determine the minimum number of workstations required

    Layout Planning

    • Deciding on the best physical arrangement of resources within a facility
    • Importance: efficient running of a business, reduces wasted time and energy
    • Four basic types of layouts: process, product, hybrid, and fixed position
    • Process layouts: group resources based on similar processes
    • Product layouts: arrange resources in a straight-line fashion
    • Hybrid layouts: combine elements of process and product layouts
    • Fixed-position layouts: occur when the product is larger and cannot be moved

    Designing Process and Product Layouts

    • Steps for designing process layouts:
      • Gather information about space needs, space availability, and closeness requirements
      • Develop a block plan or schematic of the layout
      • Develop a detailed layout
    • Steps for designing product layouts:
      • Identify tasks that need to be performed and their immediate predecessors
      • Determine output rate
      • Determine cycle time
      • Compute the theoretical minimum number of workstations
      • Assign tasks to workstations
      • Compute efficiency and balance delay

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    Description

    This quiz covers the psychological needs of organizations, open concept offices, and designing product layouts. It discusses the trade-off between proximity and privacy, and how flexible layouts can help solve privacy issues.

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