Facial Nerve medium
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Questions and Answers

What is the most common cause of intracranial lesions of the facial nerve?

  • Tumors in the parotid gland
  • Idiopathic causes
  • Stroke
  • Infection related to external or middle ear (correct)

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with damage to the facial nerve?

  • Dry mouth
  • Loss of taste on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
  • Difficulty in vision (correct)
  • Reduced lacrimal function

What happens when the extrinsic facial nerve is damaged after exiting the stylomastoid foramen?

  • Sensory and motor functions are lost
  • Only sensory function is affected
  • Only motor function is affected (correct)
  • No function is affected

Bell's palsy is usually diagnosed when:

<p>No identifiable cause can be found (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might cause damage to the facial nerve due to pressure?

<p>Forceps delivery during childbirth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms would indicate reduced lacrimal function?

<p>Dry eye (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function remains unaffected by an extracranial lesion of the facial nerve?

<p>Sensory feedback from the face (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of intracranial facial nerve damage?

<p>Hyper sensitivity to sound (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is likely to affect the chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve?

<p>Infection of the middle ear (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about Bell's palsy is accurate?

<p>It may occur with an unknown cause. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What muscle is responsible for raising the hyoid bone?

<p>Posterior belly of digastric muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of the facial nerve crosses the zygomatic arch to reach the forehead?

<p>Temporal branch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of the facial nerve supplies the muscles of the upper lip and nose?

<p>Buccal branch (B), Zygomatic branch (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the cervical branch of the facial nerve?

<p>Supplies the platysma muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The buccal branch supplies which of the following muscles?

<p>Orbicularis oris (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the temporal branch NOT supply?

<p>Orbicularis oris (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which facial nerve branch emerges from the lower border of the parotid gland?

<p>Mandibular branch (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles does the mandibular branch innervate?

<p>Mentalis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the zygomatic branch?

<p>Controls the orbicularis oculi (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding the facial branches?

<p>They provide motor function to facial muscles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of nerve fibers does the greater petrosal nerve carry?

<p>Parasympathetic fibers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure does the chorda tympani innervate for taste sensation?

<p>Anterior 2/3 of the tongue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nerve to stapedius?

<p>Dampens loud sounds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following branches of the facial nerve emerges after it exits the stylomastoid foramen?

<p>Cervical branch (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is innervated by the posterior auricular nerve?

<p>Occipital part of the occipitofrontalis muscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the facial nerve's branches after passing through the parotid gland?

<p>Motor function to facial muscles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which function is primarily associated with the motor root of the Facial nerve?

<p>Muscle movement for facial expressions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure does the facial nerve originate from?

<p>Pons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of the nervus intermedius branch of the Facial nerve?

<p>Efferent connections to submandibular glands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical regions does the Facial nerve primarily supply?

<p>Muscles of the facial expression and several glands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The parasympathetic fibers carried by the chorda tympani are directed to which glands?

<p>Sublingual and submandibular glands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical distinction of the Facial nerve's course?

<p>Divided into intracranial and extracranial parts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial opening does the facial nerve use to exit the skull?

<p>Stylomastoid foramen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fibers does the chorda tympani carry in addition to taste sensation?

<p>Parasympathetic fibers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of gland does the Facial nerve NOT innervate?

<p>Parotid salivary glands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is NOT innervated by the Facial nerve?

<p>The temporalis muscle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a cranial nerve associated with the second pharyngeal arch?

<p>Facial nerve (VII) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the Facial nerve emerge from the brain?

<p>Between the pons and medulla (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of function does the Facial nerve provide to the muscles of facial expression?

<p>Motor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Facial nerve?

<p>Auditory processing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Facial Nerve (VII)

The seventh cranial nerve, responsible for facial muscles, taste, and salivation.

Motor Function (Facial Nerve)

Controls muscles of facial expression, including the platysma.

Nervus Intermedius

The smaller root of the Facial Nerve, carrying sensory and parasympathetic fibers.

Taste (Facial Nerve)

Sensory function to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue via the chorda tympani.

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Salivation (Facial Nerve)

Parasympathetic function to the submandibular and sublingual glands, producing saliva.

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Intracranial Course

Part of Facial Nerve's journey within the skull.

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Extracranial Course

Part of Facial Nerve's journey outside the skull.

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7th Cranial Nerve

The Facial Nerve, responsible for facial functions.

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Facial Expression Muscles

Muscles controlled by the Facial nerve, creating facial expressions.

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2 Roots

The facial nerve has two distinct roots: a larger motor root and a smaller nervus intermedius.

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Intracranial Facial Nerve

Part of the facial nerve located within the skull.

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Facial Canal

The path through the skull that the facial nerve travels.

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Greater Petrosal Nerve

Parasympathetic branch of facial nerve for nose, sinuses, and tears.

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Nerve to Stapedius

Facial nerve branch controlling a tiny middle-ear muscle.

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Chorda Tympani

Facial nerve branch for taste and saliva.

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Extracranial Facial Nerve

Part of the facial nerve outside the skull.

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Stylomastoid Foramen

The opening where the facial nerve leaves the skull.

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Posterior Auricular Nerve

Facial nerve branch for ear muscles.

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Facial Nerve Branches

Five branches supplying facial expression muscles

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Branches of Facial Nerve

Nerve supply to the muscles responsible for facial expression.

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Posterior Digastric

Raises the hyoid bone

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Facial Nerve Branches

Branches into 5 parts, controlling facial muscles

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Facial Expression Muscles

Controlled by facial nerve branches to create expressions

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Temporal Branch

Facial nerve branch supplying forehead muscles

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Zygomatic Branch

Two branches for upper and lower facial muscles

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Buccal Branch

Supplies mouth muscles (orbicularis oris, buccinator)

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Mandibular Branch

Supplies lower lip & mouth muscles, near mandible

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Cervical Branch

Supplies neck muscle (platysma)

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Parotid Gland

Location of facial nerve branches termination and division

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Digastric, Stylohyoid innervation

Facial nerve controls both muscles

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Intracranial Facial Nerve Damage

Damage to the facial nerve inside the skull, affecting muscle control.

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Extracranial Facial Nerve Damage

Damage to the facial nerve outside the skull; primarily affects motor function.

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Facial Nerve Infection (proximal)

Common cause of intracranial damage. Often related to ear infections

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Bell's Palsy (Cause Unknown)

Facial paralysis with no identifiable cause.

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Facial Muscle Paralysis

Loss of facial expression control.

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Stroke (Facial Nerve)

A possible cause of facial nerve damage.

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Extracranial Lesions (Effect)

Damage primarily affecting only the facial muscles (motor).

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Parotid Gland Pathology

Issues with the parotid gland, which is a source of facial nerve damage

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Facial Nerve Exit

Where the facial nerve leaves the skull (stylomastoid foramen).

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Symptoms (Facial Nerve)

Symptoms vary, depending on which sections of the nerve are damaged, include facial paralysis, dry mouth/eyes impaired taste

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Study Notes

Facial Nerve

  • The facial nerve (VII) is a cranial nerve
  • It's associated with the second pharyngeal arch
  • It emerges from the brain between the pons and medulla
  • It has two roots:
    • A larger motor root from the motor nucleus
    • A smaller root, called the nervus intermedius
  • It passes into the internal auditory meatus

Intended Learning Outcomes

  • Describe the function of the facial nerve
  • Outline the anatomical regions the facial nerve supplies
  • Explain the relevance of the facial nerve to dentistry

Why do I need to know this?

  • The facial nerve transmits information to and from facial structures
  • Its branches allow sensation to oral and facial structures
  • It produces saliva via the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

Resources

  • AnatomyTV
  • Netter's Head and Neck Anatomy for Dentistry
  • Acland's Video Atlas of Human Anatomy
  • TeachMe Anatomy

Intracranial Course

  • The facial nerve arises in the pons, an area of the brainstem
  • It starts as two roots: a large motor root and a small sensory root
  • The two roots travel through the internal acoustic meatus into the facial canal

Three Branches before Leaving Facial Canal

  • Greater petrosal nerve: parasympathetic fibers to mucous glands of nose, paranasal sinuses, palate, and lacrimal gland for tear production
  • Nerve to stapedius: motor fibers to stapedius muscle of the middle ear for dampening loud noises.
  • Chorda tympani: special sensory fibers to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue (taste function) and parasympathetic fibers to the submandibular and sublingual glands

Chorda Tympani

  • Innervates the anterior 2/3 of the tongue with the special sense of taste
  • Travels with the lingual nerve (branch of trigeminal nerve)
  • Carries parasympathetic fibres to the submandibular and sublingual glands

Extracranial Course

  • The facial nerve exits the cranium via the stylomastoid foramen
  • Extracranial branches:
    • Posterior auricular nerve
    • Posterior belly of the digastric muscle
    • Stylohyoid muscle
  • Passes through the parotid gland and terminates into 5 branches:
    • Temporal branch
    • Zygomatic branch
    • Buccal branch
    • Marginal mandibular branch
    • Cervical branch

Posterior Auricular Nerve

  • A motor nerve
  • Ascends in front of the mastoid process
  • Innervates the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the outer ear
  • Supplies the occipital part of the occipitofrontalis muscle

Nerves to Digastric and Stylohyoid Muscle

  • Innervates the posterior belly of digastric muscle, responsible for raising the hyoid bone
  • Innervates the stylohyoid muscle

Facial Branches

  • Two Zebras Bit My Cat
    • Temporal
    • Zygomatic
    • Buccal
    • Mandibular
    • Cervical

Muscles of Facial Expression

  • Frontalis
  • Temporalis
  • Orbicularis oculi
  • Zygomaticus
  • Masseter
  • Buccinator
  • Risorius
  • Platysma

Temporal Branch

  • Leaves the superior surface of the parotid gland
  • Crosses the zygomatic arch to reach the forehead
  • Supplies auricular muscles, frontalis, orbicularis oculi, and corrugator supercilii muscles

Zygomatic Branch

  • Usually has two branches (upper and lower)
  • Upper branch passes above the orbit to supply the frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis and orbicularis oculi muscles
  • Lower branch passes below the orbit to supply the lower part of the orbicularis oculi muscle and contributes to innervation of the upper lip and nose muscles

Buccal Branch

  • Usually has two branches
  • Supplies the orbicularis oris, buccinator, and zygomaticus muscles
  • Contributes to innervation of the muscles of the upper lip and nose

Mandibular Branch

  • Emerges from the lower border of the parotid gland
  • Runs near the inferior border of the mandible
  • Supplies the depressor labii inferioris, depressor anguli oris, and mentalis muscles of the lower lip

Cervical Branch

  • Passes downwards from the lower border of the parotid gland
  • Supplies the platysma muscle
  • Raises the skin of the neck and forms noticeable vertical and horizontal ridges and depressions
  • Can pull the corners of the mouth downward when a person grimaces

Damage to the Facial Nerve - Intracranial Lesions

  • Intracranial lesions occur during the intracranial course of the facial nerve, proximal to the stylomastoid foramen
  • Causes:
    • Infection related to the external or middle ear
    • Stroke

Damage to the Facial Nerve - Extracranial Lesions

  • Paralysis or severe weakness of muscles of facial expression
  • Causes:
    • Parotid gland pathology (e.g., tumor, parotitis, surgery)
    • Nerve infection, particularly by the herpes virus
    • Local anesthetic (rare)

Parotid Gland Tumor and Surgery

  • Can cause facial nerve damage/weakness after surgery

Trigeminal and Facial Nerve Examination

  • Examination for both nerves

Summary

  • Motor supply to muscles of facial expression
  • Minor sensory role
  • Taste to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue
  • Parasympathetic innervation to submandibular and sublingual salivary glands, nasal, palatine, pharyngeal mucous glands, and lacrimal glands

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Facial Nerve GN PDF

Description

Explore the intricacies of the facial nerve (VII) in this quiz, including its anatomical path and functions. Learn how this cranial nerve impacts sensation and saliva production in facial and oral structures. Master the relevance of the facial nerve in dentistry through detailed descriptions and key concepts.

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