Facial Muscles and Wrinkles Anatomy

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Questions and Answers

Which muscle is responsible for opening the jaw?

Temporalis

Lateral Pterygoid (correct)

Medial Pterygoid

Masseter

What is the primary viral infection that affects the parotid glands?

Rubella

Mumps (correct)

Influenza

Measles

Which of the following is NOT a recommended supportive measure for managing mumps?

Oral Hygiene

Hydration

Pain control

Antibiotics (correct)

At what age is the mumps vaccine typically administered to babies?

12-15 months Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is NOT involved in closing the jaw?

Lateral Pterygoid Signup and view all the answers

What type of wrinkles are caused by the static pull of facial muscles on the skin?

Static wrinkles Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is involved in the formation of glabellar frown lines?

Frontalis Muscle Signup and view all the answers

What does Botox prevent at the neuromuscular junction?

Release of acetylcholine Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is NOT classified as an anterior neck muscle?

Frontalis Muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes 'crow’s feet'?

Static wrinkles Signup and view all the answers

During a thyroidectomy, which structure is most affected by the procedure?

Parathyroid Glands Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes dynamic wrinkles compared to static wrinkles?

They are temporary lines. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of facial muscle mentioned?

Splenius Capitis Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for producing bunny lines?

Levator Labii Superioris Alequae Nasi Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a gummy smile?

Increased visibility of the gums during smiling Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle movement helps in eyebrow raising?

Contraction of Frontalis Signup and view all the answers

What effect does paralyzing the Levator Labii Superioris Alequae Nasi have on the smile?

Causes the lip to droop and hide the gums Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the Orbicularis oris muscle in aging individuals?

Producing circular wrinkles known as smoker's lines Signup and view all the answers

What happens when one muscle involved in eyebrow movement is paralyzed using Botox?

The remaining muscle lifts the eyebrow Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for the creation of smoker's lines?

Orbicularis oris Signup and view all the answers

The action of which muscles is described as antagonistic in eyebrow shaping?

Orbicularis oculi and Frontalis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the thyroid gland?

Produce thyroid hormones Signup and view all the answers

What dimensions are typical for each lobe of the thyroid gland?

5 cm x 3 cm x 2 cm Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical structure does the thyroid gland hug?

Cricoid and trachea Signup and view all the answers

What indicates an enlargement of the thyroid gland?

Having a thyroid lobe size of 6 cm Signup and view all the answers

Which vein is NOT associated with the thyroid gland?

External carotid vein Signup and view all the answers

What is the size of the isthmus of the thyroid gland?

1.3 cm Signup and view all the answers

What abnormality can be assessed by the elevation of the trachea during swallowing?

Thyroid tumor or masses Signup and view all the answers

What lobe is typically found at the middle of the thyroid gland?

Pyramidal lobe Signup and view all the answers

What role does the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle play in neck movement?

It rotates the head to the opposite side. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes torticollis?

It results in an enlarged SCM on one side and weakness on the other. Signup and view all the answers

What two types of torticollis are mentioned?

Congenital and acquired torticollis. Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are included in the posterior neck muscles?

Sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, and semi-spinalis capitis. Signup and view all the answers

What does the name 'capitis' indicate when referring to muscles like the semi-spinalis capitis?

The muscle is associated with the head. Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structure is found between the anterior and middle scalene muscles?

Brachial plexus. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is associated with the condition of congenital torticollis?

Shortening of the SCM on one side. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the scalenes muscles in the neck?

To assist in neck flexion and lateral movement. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Head and Facial Muscles

Rhytids are permanent wrinkles usually seen in older individuals while dynamic wrinkles are temporary wrinkles usually seen in younger individuals.
Botox is a synthetic toxin derived from Clostridium botulinum. It prevents the release of acetylcholine, causing muscle paralysis at the neuromuscular junction.
Facial Nerve (cranial nerve 7) is responsible for the movement of facial muscles.

Facial Muscles

Frontalis muscle raises the eyebrows.
Orbicularis oculi muscle closes the eyes and can contribute to eyebrow movement.
The modiolus is a fleshy point on the face where several facial muscles converge.
Bunny lines are wrinkles located between the eyebrows, caused by the levator labii superioris alequae nasi and nasalis muscles.
Gummy smile is characterized by the excessive display of gums when smiling, caused by hyperactive levator labii superioris alequae nasi (LLSAN) muscle. Botox injections can be used to paralyze the LLSAN muscle, making the lip droop down and hide the gums during smiling.
Smoker's lines are wrinkles around the mouth, caused by the hyperactive orbucularis oris muscle, especially in older individuals.

Anterior Neck Muscles

Strap Muscles are a group of four muscles in the anterior neck: sternothyroid, omohyoid, sternohyoid, and thyrohyoid.
Suprahyoid Muscles are a group of four muscles situated above the hyoid bone. These muscles are involved in swallowing and speech.
Hyoid Bone is a U-shaped bone located in the anterior neck.
Thyroidectomy is the surgical removal of the thyroid gland.

Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a "butterfly-shaped" gland located in the anterior neck, composed of two lobes: the right and left thyroid lobes.
Each thyroid lobe is approximately 5 cm x 3 cm x 2 cm in dimension.
The isthmus bridges the two lobes and is approximately 1.3 cm in size.
The pyramidal lobe is usually located in the middle portion of the thyroid gland.
Goiter refers to an enlarged thyroid gland.
The thyroid gland hugs the trachea and cricoid cartilage, similar to a koala hugging a tree.

Muscles of Mastication

The muscles involved in chewing include: masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid.
Masseter, temporalis, and medial pterygoid muscles close the jaw.
Lateral pterygoid is the only muscle involved in opening the jaw.

Posterior Neck Muscles

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle divides the neck into posterior and anterior regions.
The trapezius muscle plays a role in rotating the head to the opposite side, and is a large muscle connecting the mastoid bone, sternum, and clavicle.
Scalenes muscles (anterior, middle, and posterior) are located beneath the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles.
The subclavian artery and brachial plexus pass through the space between the anterior and middle scalenes muscles, which connect the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae to the first rib.
The subclavian artery is a major blood vessel that supplies blood to the arm.
The brachial plexus is a network of nerves that supplies the arm.

Important Considerations for Thyroidectomy

Surgeons must exercise caution and have a deep understanding of the anatomy of the structures surrounding the thyroid gland during a thyroidectomy.
Careful handling is vital during a thyroidectomy to avoid damaging:
- Arteries and veins: e.g., superior thyroid vein, middle thyroid vein, and inferior thyroid vein
- Nerves: particularly the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
- Parathyroid glands.
- Carotid sheath.
- Muscles producing bunny lines (LLSAN and nasalis)
During thyroidectomy, swallowing is a technique used to assess patients with thyroid abnormalities such as tumors or masses, due to the larynx and thyroid gland elevating together during swallowing.

Mumps

Mumps is caused by a viral infection that spreads through saliva and nasal secretions and primarily affects the parotid glands.
Management of mumps is primarily supportive and includes: hydration, oral hygiene, pain control, bed rest, and isolation.
A vaccine is available against mumps for babies at 12-15 months of age.

Salivary Glands

Salivary glands are responsible for producing saliva.

Torticollis

Torticollis refers to a condition where the head is tilted to one side due to a hypertrophic sternocleidomastoid muscle.
Congenital Torticollis is present at birth.
Acquired Torticollis develops due to issues such as cervical dystonia.

Semi-spinalis Capitis and Splenius Capitis

These muscles are located at the back of the head.
"Capitis" indicates "head" in anatomical terminology.

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Description

This quiz explores the anatomy of head and facial muscles, focusing on wrinkles, muscle functions, and nerves. Delve into the complexities of facial expressions and the role of Botox in cosmetic treatments. Test your knowledge on the key terms and concepts associated with facial anatomy.