Facial Muscle Movements and Attitudes
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Questions and Answers

According to the text, which trait dimension influences impression formation?

  • Politeness
  • Self-centeredness
  • Intelligence
  • Warmth (correct)

    • According to the text, which type of information tends to have a greater impact on forming impressions?

  • Early information
  • Late information
  • Positive information (correct)
  • Negative information

    • According to the text, which theory suggests that personal constructs and implicit personality theories are important for forming impressions?

  • Anderson's Information Integration Theory
  • Kelley's Trait Dimension Theory
  • Hellman and Stopeck's Physical Appearance Theory
  • Kelly's Personal Construct Theory (correct)

    • According to the text, which theory suggests that impressions are formed by combining pluses and minuses of attributes?

    <p>Anderson's Information Integration Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, which of the following is an example of a social cognition theory?

    <p>Representative heuristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of social reference theory?

    <p>Base-rate information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, which of the following is an example of a cognitive bias?

    <p>Illusory correlation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of schema theory?

    <p>Development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the self-discrepancy theory, which of the following describes the 'actual self'?

    <p>How we currently are</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a positive effect of being self-aware?

    <p>Feeling good when the standard we compare ourselves to is not too exacting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the self-regulatory focus theory, which system is characterized by seeking ways to improve and treating problems as interesting obstacles to overcome?

    <p>Promotion system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the self-perception theory, how do we gain knowledge about ourselves?

    <p>By making self-attribution from our own behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, which of the following is a characteristic of individuals with high self-monitoring?

    <p>They adopt strategic self-presentation to protect the impression they feel their audience or the situation demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model proposes that attitudes can be changed through either a heuristic or systematic process?

    <p>Elaboration Likelihood Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three components of attitudes according to the text?

    <p>Cognitive, affective, and behavioural components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which measure of attitudes focuses on connotative meanings of words and uses a 7-point scale?

    <p>Semantic differential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component(s) make up the structure of attitudes?

    <p>Affect, behavior, and cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which measure(s) can be used to assess attitudes?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type(s) of behavior can be measured covertly?

    <p>Implicit behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory predicts specific behavior based on specific attitudes?

    <p>Theory of reasoned action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dual-processing model suggests that persuasion depends on the level of cognitive effort?

    <p>Elaboration-likelihood model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route is used in the elaboration-likelihood model when people attend to a message carefully?

    <p>Central route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a measure of overt attitudes?

    <p>Implicit methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did LaPiere's study on ethnic attitudes reveal?

    <p>The written replies from the restaurants contradicted their actual behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Theory of Reasoned Action, which component predicts an intention to perform a behavior?

    <p>Behavioral intention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Theory of Planned Behavior take into account that the Theory of Reasoned Action does not?

    <p>Behavioral control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the fundamental attribution error?

    <p>The tendency for people to make dispositional attributions for other's behaviors even when there are external causes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the actor-observer bias?

    <p>The tendency for people to attribute others' behavior internally to dispositional factors and their own behavior externally to environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the false consensus effect?

    <p>The tendency for people to see their own behavior as typical and assume that others would behave in the same way under similar circumstances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the ultimate attribution error?

    <p>The tendency to attribute negative behavior of out-group members to dispositional factors and positive behavior to situational factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is social cognition?

    <p>The study of how cognition is affected by social contexts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is an example of a cognitive bias?

    <p>Illusory correlation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of schema theory?

    <p>How schemas influence perception and interpretation of information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the false consensus effect?

    <p>The tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, which trait dimension influences impression formation?

    <p>Warmth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the main focus of schema theory?

    <p>Cognitive processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the ultimate attribution error?

    <p>Attributing success to internal factors and failure to external factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, which measure(s) can be used to assess attitudes?

    <p>Both implicit and explicit measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, which theory suggests that individuals with many independent aspects of self have higher self-complexity?

    <p>Self-complexity theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, which measure of attitudes focuses on the connotative meanings of words and uses a 7-point scale?

    <p>Semantic differential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, which dual-processing model suggests that persuasion depends on the level of cognitive effort?

    <p>Elaboration Likelihood Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what are the three components of attitudes?

    <p>Cognitive, affective, and behavioral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the purpose of the LaPiere study on ethnic attitudes?

    <p>To explore the inconsistency between attitudes and behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which measure(s) can be used to assess covert/implicit attitudes?

    <p>Unobtrusive measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory suggests that attitudes can be changed through either a heuristic or systematic process?

    <p>Elaboration-Likelihood Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the main focus of social reference theory?

    <p>The influence of social norms on behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, which component(s) make up the structure of attitudes?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the main focus of schema theory?

    <p>Impression formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Theory of Reasoned Action, which component predicts an intention to perform a behavior?

    <p>Attitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what did LaPiere's study on ethnic attitudes reveal?

    <p>Inconsistency between attitudes and behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the actor-observer bias?

    <p>Tendency to attribute one's own behavior to internal factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dual-processing model suggests that persuasion depends on the level of cognitive effort?

    <p>Elaboration-likelihood model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the illusion of control?

    <p>The belief that one has control over outcomes that are actually determined by chance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the fundamental attribution error?

    <p>The tendency for people to make dispositional attributions for other's behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the actor-observer bias?

    <p>The tendency to attribute others' behavior internally to dispositional factors and their own behavior externally to environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the false consensus effect?

    <p>The tendency to see one's own behavior as typical and assume that others would behave in the same way</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what are the two types of self-awareness?

    <p>Private self-awareness and public self-awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what are the three components of self in the self-discrepancy theory?

    <p>Actual self, ideal self, and ought self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what are the two systems in the self-regulatory focus theory?

    <p>Promotion system and prevention system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the purpose of social comparison?

    <p>To establish correct or socially approved ways of thinking and behaving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what are the negative effects of being self-aware?

    <p>Feeling anxious and making mistakes on tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what are the positive effects of being self-aware?

    <p>Feeling good when the standard we compare ourselves to is not too exacting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the self-discrepancy theory, what does the 'actual self' represent?

    <p>How we currently are</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the self-regulatory focus theory, which system is characterized by seeking ways to improve and treating problems as interesting obstacles to overcome?

    <p>Promotion system</p> Signup and view all the answers

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