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Questions and Answers
Which muscle is responsible for elevating the corners of the mouth during a smile?
Which muscle is responsible for elevating the corners of the mouth during a smile?
How does the facial nerve relate to the parotid gland?
How does the facial nerve relate to the parotid gland?
Which branch of the facial nerve primarily controls the muscles of the forehead?
Which branch of the facial nerve primarily controls the muscles of the forehead?
What is an important consideration regarding the facial veins?
What is an important consideration regarding the facial veins?
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Which of the following is NOT a branch of the facial nerve?
Which of the following is NOT a branch of the facial nerve?
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Which of the following muscles are primarily supplied by the facial nerve (VII)?
Which of the following muscles are primarily supplied by the facial nerve (VII)?
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In a lower motor neuron lesion affecting the facial nerve, what condition commonly occurs?
In a lower motor neuron lesion affecting the facial nerve, what condition commonly occurs?
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What is the primary characteristic of an upper motor neuron lesion affecting the facial nerve?
What is the primary characteristic of an upper motor neuron lesion affecting the facial nerve?
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Which of the following accurately describes the motor supply to the muscles of mastication?
Which of the following accurately describes the motor supply to the muscles of mastication?
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What does a herpes zoster infection affecting the trigeminal ganglion typically present as?
What does a herpes zoster infection affecting the trigeminal ganglion typically present as?
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Which artery serves as one of the primary blood supplies to the face?
Which artery serves as one of the primary blood supplies to the face?
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What is a key feature of the communication between the facial vein and other veins?
What is a key feature of the communication between the facial vein and other veins?
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Which part of the facial nucleus receives contralateral cortico-nuclear fibers only?
Which part of the facial nucleus receives contralateral cortico-nuclear fibers only?
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Which muscle primarily closes the eyelids?
Which muscle primarily closes the eyelids?
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What action is performed by the Zygomaticus major muscle?
What action is performed by the Zygomaticus major muscle?
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Which facial muscle is involved in frowning?
Which facial muscle is involved in frowning?
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What is the primary function of the Buccinator muscle?
What is the primary function of the Buccinator muscle?
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What does the Orbicularis oris muscle do?
What does the Orbicularis oris muscle do?
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Which branch of the facial nerve is NOT listed among the motor distributions?
Which branch of the facial nerve is NOT listed among the motor distributions?
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Which muscle is responsible for raising the upper lip and widening the nostril?
Which muscle is responsible for raising the upper lip and widening the nostril?
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The Platysma muscle contributes to which facial expression?
The Platysma muscle contributes to which facial expression?
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Study Notes
Facial Expression Muscles and Nerves
- The facial muscles are responsible for creating facial expressions.
- The facial nerve controls the movement of these muscles.
- Facial muscles follow musculoskeletal growth throughout at least 18 years of age.
- Bones of the facial skull include the sphenoid, temporal (zygomatic process), maxilla, zygomatic, palatine, mandible, and hyoid.
- Key terms used to describe facial muscles include: "levator" (raises), "depressor" (lowers), "major" (larger), "minor" (smaller), "superioris" (superior), "inferioris" (inferior), and "orbicularis" (encircles).
- Some facial muscles also have roles in chewing, e.g., orbicularis oris keeps mouth closed and buccinator moves food within mouth.
- Occipitofrontalis muscle has two parts, one on the forehead and one on the back of the head. These are joined by epicranial aponeurosis. Helps express surprise.
- Orbicularis oculi muscle closes the eyelids. Fibres encircle the orbit.
- Corrugator supercilii muscle draws eyebrow medially. This movement is seen when frowning.
- Facial nerve (VII): Motor fibers exit posterior cranial fossa via stylomastoid foramen. Branches to stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric. Also travels through parotid gland and supplies facial expression musculature.
Facial Nerve Branches
- The facial nerve (VII) has various branches including temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, and cervical (to platysma) nerve branches.
Facial Nerve Lesions
- Lower motor neuron lesion: Facial palsy (Bell's palsy). Inflammation along facial nerve while in the facial canal in petrous bone can cause this.
- Upper motor neuron lesion: Stroke on the opposite side. Lower part of the face is mostly affected while upper part unaffected.
Trigeminal Nerve
- Sensory supply to the face from divisions of the trigeminal nerve, including ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular.
- Motor supply to mastication muscles by mandibular division.
Herpes Zoster
- Herpes Zoster effect on trigeminal ganglion causing rash in dermatome distribution.
Facial Blood Vessels
- Facial artery (branch of external carotid): Runs along the mandible, nose, and anastomoses with the superficial temporal artery.
- Facial vein: Runs along the facial artery, communicates with orbital veins, and drains into the internal jugular vein.
Veins
- Communication to cavernous sinus, indicating a dangerous area.
- E.g. pterygoid venous plexus to cavernous sinus.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the muscles and nerves responsible for facial expressions. This quiz covers the anatomy and functions of various facial muscles, their roles in expressions and chewing, and the relevant terminology. Perfect for students studying anatomy or those interested in human physiology.
