26 Questions
Which part of the face is mainly formed from the first pharyngeal arch?
Maxilla
At what age do facial sutures typically start to fuse in humans?
7th - 8th decades
Which process of the first pharyngeal arch gives rise to the mandible?
Mandibular process
What bones form the viscero-cranium that consists of the face?
Maxilla and zygomatic bone
During which stage of life does the eruption of primary dentition enlarge the facial skeleton?
Infancy
Which part of the skull undergoes two different forms of ossification, endochondral and intramembranous?
Cranium
What is the significance of the region just dorsal to the second pharyngeal cleft?
Developing inner ear
Which genes are crucial during the development of the first pharyngeal arch?
MSX1, MSX2, DLX2
What signaling pathway is responsible for driving the patterning of the mandible?
EDN1/EDNRA
Which gene activity is the first pharyngeal arch devoid of?
HOX gene activity
What determines the identity of the cranial neural crest that migrates to form the 1st pharyngeal arch?
Antagonistic signaling mechanisms of BMP and FGF
Which pharyngeal cleft is just dorsal to the developing inner ear?
Second
Which signaling pathways control facial formation?
BMP, FGF, and SHH
What shifts in blood supply occur during facial development?
Internal to external carotid artery
Which nerve supplies the mucosa of the posterior third of the tongue?
Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
Which embryonic period category includes genetically determined developmental defects?
Malformations
What is necessary for fusion of the palatine shelves to occur?
Elimination of the epithelial covering of the shelves
What happens as the two palatine shelves meet during fusion?
Adhesion of the epithelia occurs, forming a midline epithelial seam
What causes surface epithelial cells to be sloughed off during palate fusion?
Apoptosis
What happens to the midline seam to permit ectomesenchymal continuity between fused processes?
It must be removed
What does Meckel's cartilage develop into in the inner ear?
Malleus
Which secondary cartilage mainly occupies the developing ramus of the mandible?
Condylar cartilage
At what stage does intramembranous ossification begin in the mandible?
At 7 weeks
What contributes considerably to the development of the maxilla for a short period of time?
Zygomatic (malar) cartilage
Which nerve division is closely associated with the center of ossification in both the mandible and maxilla?
Trigeminal nerve division
Which structure is entirely independent of the Meckel's cartilage in contributing to jaw development?
Symphyseal cartilage
Learn about the development of the face in comparison to the neurocranium, the closure of cranial and facial sutures, and the transmission of forces from masticatory muscles to the cranial vault. Discover how the face loses its 'babyish' characteristics with teeth appearance and sinus development.
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