Facial & Cranial Bones Study Guide

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Questions and Answers

What is the frontal bone?

The large cranial bone forming the front part of the cranium: the forehead and the upper part of the orbits.

What does the parietal bone form?

It forms the top and sides of the cranium.

What is the function of the temporal bone?

It forms parts of the side of the skull and the floor of the cranial cavity.

What is the mastoid process?

Projection of the temporal bone located behind the ear. Signup and view all the answers

What does the styloid process resemble?

A spike-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull. Signup and view all the answers

Where is the supraorbital foramen located?

Above the orbit and under the forehead. Signup and view all the answers

Where does the sagittal suture lie?

On the mid-line of the skull between both parietal bones. Signup and view all the answers

What is the coronal suture?

The suture between the parietal and frontal bones of the skull. Signup and view all the answers

What does the lambdoidal suture separate?

Parietal bones from the occipital bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is the squamosal suture?

The suture between the parietal bone and the temporal bone. Signup and view all the answers

What does the optic foramen transmit?

The optic nerve (CN II) and ophthalmic artery. Signup and view all the answers

What is the external auditory meatus?

A hole in the temporal bone extending to the inner ear. Signup and view all the answers

What passes through the jugular foramen?

Cranial nerves IX, X, XI and the internal jugular vein. Signup and view all the answers

What is the mandibular fossa?

Depressions where the mandible and cranium meet. Signup and view all the answers

What is the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?

The joint between the head of the lower jawbone and the temporal bone. Signup and view all the answers

What does the occipital bone form?

The back of the skull. Signup and view all the answers

What is the foramen magnum?

The large opening at the base of the cranium through which the spinal cord passes. Signup and view all the answers

What are occipital condyles?

Ridges on the left and right of the foramen magnum. Signup and view all the answers

What is the middle nasal concha?

A thin, spongy, bony plate projecting from the lateral wall of the nasal cavity. Signup and view all the answers

What does the crista galli provide?

A point of attachment for the dura mater. Signup and view all the answers

What is the cribiform plate?

Superior surface of the ethmoid perforated by foramina allowing passage of olfactory nerves. Signup and view all the answers

What does the maxilla form?

Most of the upper jaw and part of the hard palate. Signup and view all the answers

What does the palatine process form?

The anterior portion of the hard palate. Signup and view all the answers

What is the alveolar process?

A ridge forming the borders of the upper and lower jaws containing the sockets of the teeth. Signup and view all the answers

What does the lacrimal bone make up?

Part of the front inner walls of each eye socket. Signup and view all the answers

What does the lacrimal fossa accommodate?

The lacrimal gland. Signup and view all the answers

What does the nasal bone form?

The bridge of the nose. Signup and view all the answers

What does the palatine bone form?

The back of the hard palate. Signup and view all the answers

What does the inferior nasal concha help with?

Increasing epithelial surface area and creating turbulence in inspired air. Signup and view all the answers

What is the vomer?

A thin trapezoidal bone forming the posterior and inferior parts of the nasal septum. Signup and view all the answers

What is the zygomatic bone?

The arch of bone beneath the eye forming the prominence of the cheek. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cranial Bones

Frontal Bone: Forms the forehead and upper portion of the orbits.
Parietal Bone: Two bones located between the frontal and occipital bones, forming the top and sides of the cranium.
Temporal Bone: Paired bones forming parts of the skull's sides and floor of the cranial cavity.

Processes and Foramina

Mastoid Process: Projection of the temporal bone located behind the ear.
Styloid Process: Spike-like projection from the temporal bone on each side of the skull.
Supraorbital Foramen: Located above the orbit, beneath the forehead, directly under the eyebrow.

Sutures

Sagital Suture: Mid-line suture between both parietal bones; immovable joint.
Coronal Suture: Suture separating the frontal bone from the parietal bones.
Lambdoidal Suture: Suture that separates the parietal bones from the occipital bone.
Squamosal Suture: Between the parietal and temporal bones, bordered behind by the occipital bone.

Foramina Function

Optic Foramen: Transmits optic nerve (CN II) and the ophthalmic artery.
External Auditory Meatus: Passage in the temporal bone leading to the inner ear.
Jugular Foramen: Passage for cranial nerves IX, X, XI, and several veins.

Joint and Bone Structure

Mandibular Fossa: Depressions where the mandible meets the cranium.
Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ): Joint connecting the lower jawbone to the temporal bone.
Occipital Bone: Saucer-shaped bone at the back of the skull.
Foramen Magnum: Large opening at the skull's base for spinal cord passage.

Nasal Structure

Occipital Condyle: Ridges alongside the foramen magnum.
Middle Nasal Concha: Thin bony plate that separates nasal cavity meatuses.
Crista Galli: Vertical projection serving as an attachment for the dura mater.

Additional Bones and Features

Cribiform Plate: Perforated surface allowing passage of olfactory nerves for the sense of smell.
Maxilla: Forms the upper jaw and part of the hard palate; contains upper teeth.
Palatine Process: Forms anterior hard palate and contributes to nasal cavity structure.
Alveolar Process: Ridge forming borders of upper and lower jaws, containing tooth sockets.
Lacrimal Bone: Small bone forming front inner walls of the eye sockets for lacrimal ducts.
Nasal Bone: Rectangular bone forming the bridge of the nose.
Palatine Bone: Forms back of the hard palate and contributes to nasal cavity.
Inferior Nasal Concha: Located on each side of the nasal septum, increasing air turbulence.
Vomer: Trapezoidal bone forming the posterior and inferior nasal septum.
Zygomatic Bone: Forms the prominent cheekbone and lateral part of the eye socket.

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Description

This study guide covers key facial and cranial bones essential for anatomy students. Each card features terms and definitions related to the structure and function of the human skull. Perfect for quick reviews and reinforcing your understanding of cranial anatomy.