Facial Bones Anatomy Quiz

Facial Bones

• The nasal septum is formed by the vomer bone.
• The zygomatic bones articulate with all other facial bones except the mandible.

Lacrimal Bones

• The function of the lacrimal bones is to produce tears and drain them into the nasal cavity.

Nasal Conchae

• The inferior nasal conchae extend from the maxilla bone.

Cheek Prominence

• The zygomatic bone articulates with the frontal bone superiorly and forms the prominence of the cheeks.

Palatine Bone

• The palatine bone is composed of vertical and horizontal plates and articulates with the maxillae.

Hyoid Bone

• The hyoid bone is the only bone of the body that does not articulate directly with any other bone.
• The hyoid bone consists of three parts.

Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)

• The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a type of synovial joint.

skull Fractures

• A fracture located at the base of the skull is called a basilar fracture.
• A fracture causing a portion of the skull to be depressed into the cranial cavity is called a depressed fracture.

Bone Conditions

• Osteopetrosis is a condition characterized by increased density of atypically soft bone.
• Neoplasia is a term for new tissue growth where cell proliferation is uncontrolled.

Skull Landmarks

• The lambda is a landmark used in accurate positioning of the skull.

Skull Projections

• OML to IOML represents the orbitomeatal line to the infraorbitomeatal line.
• GML to OML represents the glabellomeatal line to the orbitomeatal line.

Modified Caldwell Method

• In the modified Caldwell method, the CR is angled 15-20 degrees for the PA axial projection.

AP Axial Projection

• In the AP axial projection, the orbits appear more circular compared to the PA axial projection.
• The patient position for the true/original Caldwell method is seated upright with the head positioned so that the OML is perpendicular to the IR.
• In the PA projection, the sphenoid bone completely fills the orbits.

Modified Caldwell Method vs AP Axial Projection

• In the PA axial projection, the anatomical structures visible are the sphenoid bone, frontal bone, and nasal conchae.
• The position of the cranium differs in the PA and AP axial projections, with the PA projection showing the cranial structures in a more natural position.

HAAS Method (PA Axial Projection)

• The recommended patient position for the HAAS method is seated upright with the head positioned so that the OML is perpendicular to the IR.
• The HAAS method aims to obtain images of the cranial structures, including the sphenoid bone, frontal bone, and nasal conchae.

SCHULLER/PFEIFFER Method (Submentovertical Projection)

• The recommended point of entry for the SCHULLER/PFEIFFER method is 2-3 inches above the external auditory meatus (EAM).

TOWNE/ALTSCHUL/GRASHEY/CHAMBERLAINE Method (AP Axial Projection)

• The TOWNE/ALTSCHUL/GRASHEY/CHAMBERLAINE method is recommended for patients with cranial or facial trauma.
• The entrance point for the SCHULLER method is the base of the skull, at the tip of the mastoid process.
• The TOWNE/ALTSCHUL/GRASHEY/CHAMBERLAINE method aims to obtain images of the cranial structures, including the frontal bone, nasal conchae, and sphenoid bone.
• For the TOWNE/ALTSCHUL/GRASHEY/CHAMBERLAINE method, the CR is directed at an angle of 30-40 degrees when OML is perpendicular to the IR.
• The foramen magnum should be within the shadow of the foramen magnum in the TOWNE/ALTSCHUL/GRASHEY/CHAMBERLAINE method.
• The patient's head is rested on the vertex and neck hyperextended in the TOWNE/ALTSCHUL/GRASHEY/CHAMBERLAINE method.