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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of botulinum toxin in facial procedures?
What is the primary function of botulinum toxin in facial procedures?
Which part of the face is primarily supplied by the external carotid artery?
Which part of the face is primarily supplied by the external carotid artery?
What are the three vertically oriented dynamic areas of the face identified for procedural planning?
What are the three vertically oriented dynamic areas of the face identified for procedural planning?
What role do general anatomic principles play in facial procedures?
What role do general anatomic principles play in facial procedures?
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Which artery is the second terminal branch of the external carotid artery?
Which artery is the second terminal branch of the external carotid artery?
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Which region drains into the submandibular lymph nodes?
Which region drains into the submandibular lymph nodes?
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What is the significance of the 'danger triangle' in facial anatomy?
What is the significance of the 'danger triangle' in facial anatomy?
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Which vein runs parallel to the facial artery across the mandible?
Which vein runs parallel to the facial artery across the mandible?
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Which cranial nerve branch innervates all facial skin from the chin to the scalp vertex?
Which cranial nerve branch innervates all facial skin from the chin to the scalp vertex?
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Where do the supratrochlear and supraorbital veins drain first?
Where do the supratrochlear and supraorbital veins drain first?
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Study Notes
Facial Blood Supply
- The face is supplied by branches of the internal and external carotid arteries.
- The internal carotid artery travels near the superior orbital fissure and supplies the medial periorbital and scalp tissues of the anterior forehead
- The external carotid artery terminates into two branches: superficial temporal artery and the internal maxillary artery
- The superficial temporal artery courses deep to facial muscles and anastomoses with the supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries
- The internal maxillary artery courses medially
Facial Lymphatics
- The lymphatic drainage of the face follows patterns critical for spread of disease.
- The forehead, lateral temporal, frontal, and periorbital regions drain into periparotid or intraparotid lymph nodes and then drain into the upper jugular chain
- The medial midface region drains into the submandibular nodes
- The lower face drains into the submental nodes
- The jugular chain serves as a secondary lymph node for both midface and lower face regions
Cutaneous Sensory Innervation of the Face
- Facial skin from the chin to the scalp vertex is innervated by three branches of the trigeminal nerve
- The ophthalmic division (V1) supplies the skin over the forehead, glabella, and upper dorsum of the nose.
- The maxillary division (V2) supplies the skin over the cheek, lower eyelid, lateral nose, and upper lip
- The mandibular division (V3) supplies the skin of the lower lip, chin, and temporal region
Muscles of Facial Expression
- Orbicularis Oculi: It's the muscle that encircles the eye. It controls eyelid closure and helps to protect the eye
- Corrugator Supercilii: Located on the forehead, it draws eyebrows medially and downward, creating vertical wrinkles above the nose
- Procerus: Located between the eyebrows, it contributes to the frown by drawing down the medial aspect of the eyebrows.
- Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi: It elevates the upper lip and nostril wing, contributing to the expression of smiling and sniffing
- Levator Labii Superioris: Elevates the upper lip, primarily involved in smiling actions
- Zygomaticus Minor: Elevates the upper lip, contributing to smiling expressions
- Zygomaticus Major: Elevates the lip corners and creates a smiling expression
- Depressor Anguli Oris: It depresses the angle of the mouth, contributing to expressions like sadness or frowning
- Orbicularis Oris: It's the muscle surrounding the mouth. It controls lip closure and plays a vital role in speech and eating
- Mentalis: It lifts the chin and protrudes the lower lip, creating a pouting expression
- Platysma: A broad, sheet-like muscle that extends from the upper chest to the lower chin margin. It contributes to various neck movements and plays a role in facial expressions by pulling the corners of the mouth downwards. It also contributes to platysmal banding with age
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Description
Test your knowledge on the intricate blood supply and lymphatic drainage of the face, including details on arteries and lymph nodes. This quiz covers the pathways and connections of both the internal and external carotid arteries as well as lymphatic drainage regions critical for understanding disease spread.
