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Week 5: Tuesday, Oct 3rd_Short answer

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Questions and Answers

What is sarcopenia?

Sarcopenia is the clinical loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength.

What are ADLs and IADLs?

ADLs are activities of daily living, which are basic self-care tasks. IADLs are instrumental activities of daily living, which are the things you do daily to take care of yourself and your home.

What are the two main factors that contribute to age-related decline in muscle function?

The two main factors that contribute to age-related decline in muscle function are changes in muscle mechanics (the muscle-tendon unit) and changes in neuromuscular function (individual motor neurons and motor units).

What is the rate of decrease in whole muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) per decade after 30 years?

3-8% Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated rate of motor neuron death per year from 30 to 70 years old?

1% Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of muscle fiber loss from 50 to 75 years old?

up to 35% Signup and view all the answers

What are some contributing intrinsic factors to the decline in muscle strength and function with age?

decreased mitochondrial function, decreased ATPase activity of myosin, impaired ability to store and release Ca, decreased velocity of contraction, decreased rate of force development, decreased peak force and power, increased fatigability Signup and view all the answers

What are some age-related changes in motor performance?

Decreased muscle strength, decreased max isometric strength (~10% per decade starting at 40-50YO down to ~40% of max by 80 YO), decreased maximum power, decreased rate of force development and relaxation, reduced force steadiness, variable changes in fatigability. Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle group tends to experience higher reductions in isometric strength?

Lower limb muscles compared to upper limb muscles. Signup and view all the answers

What are some factors that contribute to the decline in muscle strength and function with age?

Intrinsic factors, such as decreased muscle mass and motor unit number, and extrinsic factors, such as sedentary lifestyle and chronic diseases. Signup and view all the answers

What is the rate of decrease in max isometric strength per decade starting at 40-50 years old?

10% Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate max isometric strength of an 80-year-old compared to their maximum?

40% Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles tend to experience higher reductions in isometric strength?

Lower limb muscles Signup and view all the answers