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Questions and Answers
What is the normal range for Margin-Reflex Distance 1 (MRD1)?
What is the normal range for Margin-Reflex Distance 1 (MRD1)?
- 1 mm to 3 mm
- 7 mm to 8 mm
- 5 mm to 6 mm
- 4 mm to 5 mm (correct)
Which condition is typically associated with lower lid issues and may cause exposure keratitis?
Which condition is typically associated with lower lid issues and may cause exposure keratitis?
- Myasthenia gravis
- Ectropion (correct)
- Dermatochalasis
- Blepharitis
What is the normal range for Levator function measurement?
What is the normal range for Levator function measurement?
- 13 mm to 16 mm (correct)
- 17 mm to 20 mm
- 2 mm to 5 mm
- 8 mm to 12 mm
What is a common treatment option for blepharitis?
What is a common treatment option for blepharitis?
Which of the following is a potential differential diagnosis for floppy eyelid syndrome?
Which of the following is a potential differential diagnosis for floppy eyelid syndrome?
What is the primary treatment for hordeolum?
What is the primary treatment for hordeolum?
Which is a common cause of contact dermatitis on the eyelid?
Which is a common cause of contact dermatitis on the eyelid?
What condition is indicated by a hard, nodular swelling and is typically painless?
What condition is indicated by a hard, nodular swelling and is typically painless?
What is the characteristic symptom of entropion?
What is the characteristic symptom of entropion?
Lagophthalmos is primarily associated with which type of nerve issue?
Lagophthalmos is primarily associated with which type of nerve issue?
What potential risk is associated with congenital coloboma of the eyelid?
What potential risk is associated with congenital coloboma of the eyelid?
Which treatment is specifically mentioned for managing trichiasis?
Which treatment is specifically mentioned for managing trichiasis?
What is the likely reason for surgical repair of congenital coloboma to be delayed?
What is the likely reason for surgical repair of congenital coloboma to be delayed?
What is the most common benign eyelid tumor caused by HPV infection?
What is the most common benign eyelid tumor caused by HPV infection?
Which condition is characterized by a second row of lashes and can be caused by chronic inflammation?
Which condition is characterized by a second row of lashes and can be caused by chronic inflammation?
Which type of tumor presents as yellow, wrinkled patches on the eyelid skin and is usually bilateral?
Which type of tumor presents as yellow, wrinkled patches on the eyelid skin and is usually bilateral?
In which scenario is treatment immediately required for congenital coloboma?
In which scenario is treatment immediately required for congenital coloboma?
What common condition may present with bilateral semilunar folds of skin at the inner canthus?
What common condition may present with bilateral semilunar folds of skin at the inner canthus?
What is the primary treatment method for benign eyelid tumors?
What is the primary treatment method for benign eyelid tumors?
Which treatment option for trichiasis is time-consuming due to requiring individual lash treatment?
Which treatment option for trichiasis is time-consuming due to requiring individual lash treatment?
Basal cell carcinoma is most commonly found on which part of the eyelid?
Basal cell carcinoma is most commonly found on which part of the eyelid?
What characterizes actinic keratosis?
What characterizes actinic keratosis?
What is the potential consequence of congenital ptosis if it affects vision?
What is the potential consequence of congenital ptosis if it affects vision?
Which malignant tumor is more aggressive and has a higher likelihood of metastasizing than squamous cell carcinoma?
Which malignant tumor is more aggressive and has a higher likelihood of metastasizing than squamous cell carcinoma?
What is associated with chronic sun exposure and can be a precursor to squamous cell carcinoma?
What is associated with chronic sun exposure and can be a precursor to squamous cell carcinoma?
Which of these tumors can present in immunocompromised patients as red-to-purple elevations?
Which of these tumors can present in immunocompromised patients as red-to-purple elevations?
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Study Notes
Learning Outcomes
- Describe signs and symptoms of eyelid problems.
- Make definitive diagnoses and list differential diagnoses.
- Manage various eyelid issues appropriately.
Congenital Eyelid Problems
- Coloboma: Notch or gap in eyelid; risk of keratitis; correction often delayed.
- Trichiasis: Lashes directed towards the eye; can lead to irritation and scarring; treatments include mechanical methods, electrolysis, or laser.
- Distichiasis: A second row of eyelashes; congenital form associated with ptosis; treatment options include epilation or surgery.
- Epicanthus: Semilunar skin folds at the inner canthus; common in Asians, usually resolves in early childhood.
- Epiblepharon: Skin override at lid margin causing lashes to rub cornea; often resolves with age.
- Ptosis: Abnormal lid position; causes include congenital maldevelopment or acquired factors like myasthenia gravis; managed surgically when affecting vision.
Degenerative Eyelid Problems
- Dermatochalasis: Age-related skin redundancy; may require surgery if vision is impacted.
- Ectropion: Lower lid turning outward, common in elderly; causes exposure keratitis; surgical intervention recommended.
- Floppy Eyelid Syndrome: Characterized by lax eyelids; associated with sleep apnea; evaluation required.
Inflammatory/Infectious Conditions
- Blepharitis: Inflammation of eyelid margins; can disrupt tear film; linked to meibomian gland dysfunction.
- Hordeolum: Staphylococcal infection of eyelid glands; presents with pain; treated with warm compresses and antibiotics.
- Chalazion: Chronic inflammation of sebaceous glands; usually painless; may require surgical excision if large.
- Contact Dermatitis: Common in eyelids due to thin skin; avoidance of irritants is critical.
- Entropion: Inward turning of the lid margin; may require surgical management.
- Lagophthalmos: Incomplete eyelid closure; associated with facial nerve issues; must protect the cornea.
Tumors
- Benign Tumors: Include naevi (melanocytic), haemangiomas, and papillomas; commonly excised.
- Xanthelasma: Yellow patches from lipid deposits; typically benign, but systemic evaluation may be warranted.
- Actinic Keratosis: Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma; linked to sun exposure; treatable via cryotherapy.
- Malignant Tumors:
- Basal Cell Carcinoma: Most common; typically arises on lower lid, slow-growing and locally invasive.
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Slow-growing; can metastasize; often found on lower eyelid.
- Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma: More aggressive, with higher metastasis risk.
- Malignant Melanoma: Rare on eyelids; most pigmented lesions are not melanoma.
- Kaposi's Sarcoma: Associated with immunocompromised patients; presents as red-to-purple lesions.
Injuries
- Types include blunt trauma, rupture, and laceration.
General Management Notes
- Surgical intervention is a common treatment for many eyelid issues.
- Maintain vigilance for corneal health, especially in conditions with irritation or exposure risks.
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