أسئلة المحاضرة الثانية رمد (قبل التعديل)

The primary method is mechanical removal of lice and their nits, and treatment should be continued for 3 weeks.

Dilute acetic acid 2% can be used to loosen the nits.

Demodex mites can hide in the hair follicles and meibomian glands, leading to an infection that can cause blepharitis.

<p>Complete coverage of the eyelash base with a tea tree oil eyelid cleanser is necessary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gentamycin ointment can be used.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zinc preparations, such as Zinc Sulphate 0.25% drops, neutralize proteolytic enzymes associated with Demodex mites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prolonged treatment is necessary because the organisms are hidden and can re-infest if not completely eradicated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scrubbing the lid margins with diluted baby shampoo or 3% sodium bicarbonate lotion is recommended.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main function of the eyelids is to cover and protect the orbital content.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The anterior border is rounded with lashes, while the posterior border is right-angled with Meibomian gland orifices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a small, round part medial to the puncti that lacks lashes and contains sebaceous and sweat glands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meibomian glands secrete oils that help maintain a stable tear film and prevent evaporation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The grey line marks the area where local infiltration anesthesia is targeted for eyelid procedures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The eyelids are connected medially by orbital margins and laterally by medial and lateral palpebral ligaments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Full thickness defects can lead to exposure keratitis, necessitating surgical repair.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The term is 'micropthalmos,' referring to a narrowing of the palpebral fissure dimensions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distichiasis is the presence of an extra row of eyelashes that occurs in the site of the meibomian gland ducts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Congenital ectropion is the drooping of the upper eyelid below its normal level, typically covering the upper 1/6 of the cornea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myogenic ptosis is due to poor development of the levator muscle, leading to a weakened ability to elevate the eyelid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Horner's syndrome symptoms include ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis, enophthalmous, and facial flushing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pseudo-ptosis is a condition where there appears to be lid drooping, often seen in young females with emotional troubles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Differentiation can be done by observing the elevation of the eyebrow and forehead wrinkling when attempting to lift the ptotic lid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mechanical ptosis can be caused by heaviness from conditions like a chalazion or tumor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This information helps determine the underlying cause of ptosis, whether it is congenital, traumatic, or due to other conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wheeler's operation involves dissecting a band of orbicularis muscle from the anterior surface of the tarsal plate, overlapping it, and reattaching it to the tarso-orbital fascia just below the tarsus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Common causes include increased subcutaneous fat in infants, scarring due to burns or ulcers, and conditions that increase the weight of the lower lid such as multiple chalazia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symptoms of ectropion typically include constant epiphora, exposure of the lower punctum, and in more severe cases, exposure of the tarsal conjunctiva or lower fornix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complications from lagophthalmous may include conjunctival exposure conjunctivitis, conjunctival xerosis, corneal xerosis, and corneal ulceration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The V-Y operation is aimed at correcting ectropion by excising scar tissue and repositioning the skin using a 'V'-shaped incision to facilitate healing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In cases of extensive scarring, ectropion is treated by excising the scar tissue and applying a split skin graft or full-thickness skin graft from various donor sites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mild ectropion shows exposure of the lower punctum, moderate displays exposure of the tarsal conjunctiva, while severe ectropion presents exposure of the lower fornix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The initial step should be the removal of the cause of blepharospasm, which may include applying a well-fitting bandage after manual correction of the ectropion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exposure keratopathy results from corneal exposure during sleep, primarily affecting the lower third of the cornea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treatment strategies include applying ointment at night and using glasses or contact lenses during the day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tarsorrhaphy is a surgical procedure that involves creating adhesions between the eyelids and can be classified as lateral or median, and also as temporary or permanent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Causes include burns and caustic injuries, and post-inflammatory conditions such as trachoma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The types of blepharitis are squamous blepharitis, ulcerative blepharitis, parasitic blepharitis, and angular blepharoconjunctivitis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Predisposing factors include external irritants like dust and smoke, eye strain from refractive errors, and metabolic disturbances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mucous membrane graft is used to cover raw surfaces and enhance healing by providing a protective layer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Keratoplasty is the surgical intervention used to address dense visually significant corneal opacity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Giant cells are the predominant cellular component found in a granuloma associated with chalazion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Common symptoms include painless swelling under the skin of the eyelid, which may lead to pain if infected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A chalazion is characterized by a small, non-tender hard swelling slightly away from the lid margin with no signs of acute inflammation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moderate to large chalazia typically require a vertical incision and scraping through the conjunctival side.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A marginal chalazion forms granulation tissue only in the duct, projecting as a red nodule on the lid margin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hordeolum externum is related to the lash root and drains horizontally, while hordeolum internum is related to the Meibomian gland and drains vertically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Xanthelasma is the deposit of cholesterol in the medial canthus region and is commonly seen in diabetics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blepharochalasis is characterized by recurrent upper lid edema leading to redundancy of the eyelid skin typically seen in young individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conditions such as Rosacea are often associated with MGD.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Healthy glands produce a clear, runny oil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gentle massage of eyelid margins in small circular patterns is used to express oils.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Warm, wet compresses should be applied for 5 to 10 minutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may appear capped with oil, dilated, or obstructed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is used to remove scale and debris from the eyelid margins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can cause chalazia and lead to chronic eyelid inflammation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacitracin or erythromycin are commonly prescribed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trachoma, injuries and chemical burns, and complications from previous lid operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temporary methods include collodion painting and T-shaped adhesive plaster; permanent methods involve lateral canthoplasty and Riolan's operation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss of subcutaneous elastic tissue, redundant loose skin, and senile loss of orbital fat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blepharospasm creates weak support of the lid, leading to conditions like entropion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One method is subcutaneous injection of 1 cc of 70% alcohol along the lid edge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recurrent corneal ulceration can occur due to the eyelid turning inward and damaging the cornea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Snellen’s operation is performed for cicatricial entropion of the upper lid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prolonged eye bandaging can contribute to the weakening of lid support, leading to entropion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps measure the degree of elevation provided by the frontalis muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surgical correction is contraindicated due to the risk of corneal exposure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epicanthus is a fold of skin that covers the inner canthus and affects eyelid appearance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It indicates poor upper lid position relative to the corneal reflex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The patient looks down while pressure is applied to neutralize the frontalis, followed by looking up.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mild ptosis is 2 mm, moderate is 3 mm, and severe is 4 mm or more.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent the risk of diplopia and complications during treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It suggests that the attachment of the levator muscle is present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surgery is indicated at preschool age if the pupil is uncovered, typically around 5 years old.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Upper lid suspension using either exogenous or endogenous material is indicated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The criteria include good levator action and absence of any blockage of the pupil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diathermy is used for permanent destruction of lash follicles through thermal coagulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lash must be removed without resistance, confirming successful destruction of the follicle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myogenic and neurogenic causes are commonly associated with hereditary bilateral ptosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Miosis is a key clinical sign of Horner's syndrome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The frontalis operation involves excising Muller’s muscle and suturing remaining tissue to strengthen lid elevation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In myogenic causes, the levator muscle's development is poor, whereas traumatic causes involve injury to the levator or its nerve supply.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrolysis causes electrical denaturation, leading to the irreversible destruction of the lash follicles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary symptom of pseudo-ptosis is cosmetic disfigurement without covering the pupil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Levator action directly influences the selection of surgical intervention, determining effectiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mechanical ptosis may be caused by the heaviness of conditions like chalazion or tumors affecting eyelid support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Family history can indicate hereditary conditions, while trauma history helps identify possible traumatic causes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A drooping upper lid that covers more than the upper 1/6 of the cornea (approximately 2 mm) indicates significant ptosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CPEO is a rare myogenic condition that leads to progressive weakness of the eye muscles, often resulting in ptosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seborrhea of the scalp can lead to blepharitis by causing irritation and inflammation, contributing to the excessive secretion of sebum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Minute ulcers at the lid margin indicate ulcerative blepharitis and suggest severe inflammation and possible secondary infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phthiriasis palpebrarum causes eyelid pathology by infesting the lashes with nits and leading to inflammation, irritation, and potential secondary infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Angular blepharitis is characterized by redness of the lid margins and localized scaling at the angles of the eyelids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A key symptom of Demodex blepharitis is the presence of cylindrical scales around the eyelashes, which can glue them together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Removing crusts in ulcerative blepharitis can reveal an intact lid margin, which is crucial for assessing the severity of the condition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Generalized itching of hair-bearing areas suggests the possible presence of phthiriasis pubis, which may accompany eyelid lice infestations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treating seborrhea and maintaining eyelid hygiene are essential to reduce sebum production and prevent the accumulation of irritants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blocked pupil leading to amblyopia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frontalis suspension operation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Levator resection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Good levator action</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trichiasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Removing the lash without resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Silk or prolene, or fascia lata</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple epilation guarantees permanent results</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<blockquote> <p>11 mm</p> </blockquote> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Congenital ptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surgical correction is contraindicated</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conjugate eye movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attachment of levator to skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Under correction of ptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The oil is thickened and of poor quality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessive production of clear oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To soften eyelid oils and debris.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drying out of the eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rosacea</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gentle massage of eyelid margins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessive use of diluted baby shampoo</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Posterior eyelid margin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Staphylococcus aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Severe throbbing pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vertical incision through the conjunctival side</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Painless swelling without redness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short courses of topical steroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute suppurative inflammation of the Zeis gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hand sanitation before touching the eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dimmer's modification of Kuhnt Szymanowski’s operation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use of steroids and facial massage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Narrow the palpebral fissure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ectropion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammation of the Meibomian glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Suture repair techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To correct eyelid laxity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bell's palsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It projects on the lid margin as a red nodule</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eyelash follicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excision biopsy to rule out malignancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High vascularization of the conjunctiva</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Xanthelasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spontaneous resolution is rare</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Internum is related to Meibomian gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Is characterized by recurrent upper lid edema in young individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers