Eye Movements and Visual Processing

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What is the purpose of the synchronized movements of the two eyeballs?

To provide a single image of the visual field

To enable the brain to compute the distance of an object based on disparity between the two images (correct)

To focus on a specific point in the visual field

To allow for independent movement of each eye

Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for innervating the lateral rectus muscle?

Cranial nerve III (oculomotor nerve)

Cranial nerve VI (abducens nerve) (correct)

Cranial nerve V (trigeminal nerve)

Cranial nerve IV (trochlear nerve)

What is the approximate voltage potential between the front of the cornea and the back of the retina?

1.0-2.0 mV

0.1-0.4 mV

0.4-1.0 mV (correct)

2.0-4.0 mV

Where are the motor centers for the eye muscles located?

Frontal lobe of the cortex and brainstem Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the technique used to measure the movements of the eyeballs in the orbits?

Electrooculography (EOG) Signup and view all the answers

Where are the electrodes placed to measure vertical movements of the eyeballs?

Above and below the right eye Signup and view all the answers

What is the highest in the foveal area of the retina?

Density of cones Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of measuring pupil size changes in psychophysiological research?

To map attracting parts of presented visual stimuli and viewing time Signup and view all the answers

What is visual tracking also known as?

Fixation of an object of interest Signup and view all the answers

What are the quick, involuntary movements of the eyeball called?

Microsaccades Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the change in pupil diameter in response to a stimulus?

Task-evoked pupillary response Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for controlling the parasympathetic activation of the pupils?

Cranial nerve III Signup and view all the answers

How many extrinsic eye muscles control the movement of the eyeball?

6 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the sympathetic nervous system in relation to the pupils?

To dilate the pupils Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of moving the head and/or the eyes?

To fixate on an object of interest Signup and view all the answers

What is the area of the retina where the highest visual acuity can be achieved?

Foveal area Signup and view all the answers

What is EOG primarily used for in psychophysiological research?

To map the attracting parts of presented visual stimuli and viewing time Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the measurement of the changes in pupil size?

Pupillography Signup and view all the answers

What is the pupillary response characteristic of when an individual is attracted to a stimulus?

Dilation Signup and view all the answers

What is the pupillary response characteristic of in cognitive research when an individual is experiencing mental effort?

Dilation Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of pupillary response in sleep research?

Identifying rapid eye movements (RAM) phase Signup and view all the answers

What does the magnitude of the startle response indicate?

High arousal and negative affective states Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of the class mentioned in the text?

To demonstrate basic EOG-related phenomena generated by simple eye movements Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of pupillary response in affective research when an individual is experiencing anger?

Constriction Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of moving the eyeball horizontally closer to the positive electrode?

It induces a positive change in voltage Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical accuracy of the EOG method for determining direction of gaze?

1.5-2º Signup and view all the answers

What is the measurable range of the EOG method?

Up to ±70º both vertically and horizontally Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency domain of interest if only the direction of gaze is to be determined?

0-15 Hz Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential source of artefacts and noise in the EOG signal?

Movement of facial muscles and/or the jaw Signup and view all the answers

What is a commonly used method for determining direction of gaze in recent experiments?

Camera-based system Signup and view all the answers