30 Questions
What is the purpose of the synchronized movements of the two eyeballs?
To enable the brain to compute the distance of an object based on disparity between the two images
Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for innervating the lateral rectus muscle?
Cranial nerve VI (abducens nerve)
What is the approximate voltage potential between the front of the cornea and the back of the retina?
0.4-1.0 mV
Where are the motor centers for the eye muscles located?
Frontal lobe of the cortex and brainstem
What is the name of the technique used to measure the movements of the eyeballs in the orbits?
Electrooculography (EOG)
Where are the electrodes placed to measure vertical movements of the eyeballs?
Above and below the right eye
What is the highest in the foveal area of the retina?
Density of cones
What is the primary purpose of measuring pupil size changes in psychophysiological research?
To map attracting parts of presented visual stimuli and viewing time
What is visual tracking also known as?
Fixation of an object of interest
What are the quick, involuntary movements of the eyeball called?
Microsaccades
What is the term for the change in pupil diameter in response to a stimulus?
Task-evoked pupillary response
Which nerve is responsible for controlling the parasympathetic activation of the pupils?
Cranial nerve III
How many extrinsic eye muscles control the movement of the eyeball?
6
What is the primary function of the sympathetic nervous system in relation to the pupils?
To dilate the pupils
What is the purpose of moving the head and/or the eyes?
To fixate on an object of interest
What is the area of the retina where the highest visual acuity can be achieved?
Foveal area
What is EOG primarily used for in psychophysiological research?
To map the attracting parts of presented visual stimuli and viewing time
What is the term for the measurement of the changes in pupil size?
Pupillography
What is the pupillary response characteristic of when an individual is attracted to a stimulus?
Dilation
What is the pupillary response characteristic of in cognitive research when an individual is experiencing mental effort?
Dilation
What is the role of pupillary response in sleep research?
Identifying rapid eye movements (RAM) phase
What does the magnitude of the startle response indicate?
High arousal and negative affective states
What is the goal of the class mentioned in the text?
To demonstrate basic EOG-related phenomena generated by simple eye movements
What is the characteristic of pupillary response in affective research when an individual is experiencing anger?
Constriction
What is the effect of moving the eyeball horizontally closer to the positive electrode?
It induces a positive change in voltage
What is the typical accuracy of the EOG method for determining direction of gaze?
1.5-2º
What is the measurable range of the EOG method?
Up to ±70º both vertically and horizontally
What is the frequency domain of interest if only the direction of gaze is to be determined?
0-15 Hz
What is a potential source of artefacts and noise in the EOG signal?
Movement of facial muscles and/or the jaw
What is a commonly used method for determining direction of gaze in recent experiments?
Camera-based system
Test your knowledge of eye movements, visual processing, and the role of the foveal area in achieving high visual acuity. Learn about the brain's attempts to focus on salient parts of the visual field.
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