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Questions and Answers
What is the leading cause of blindness worldwide?
Which of the following is a common symptom of cataracts?
What is a primary characteristic of diabetes-related retinopathy?
Which treatment modality is used for wet age-related macular degeneration?
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What results from higher-than-normal fluid pressure in the eye?
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Which group is more likely to develop cataracts?
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What type of vision issue is associated with glaucoma?
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Which of the following best describes the primary complication associated with unmanaged diabetes?
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What is the primary difference in the progression of open-angle glaucoma compared to closed-angle glaucoma?
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Which of the following is NOT a symptom associated with closed-angle glaucoma?
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What is one possible consequence of untreated retinal detachment?
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Amblyopia, commonly known as lazy eye, occurs because of what underlying issue?
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Which treatment options are typically considered for the management of closed-angle glaucoma?
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Which of the following symptoms is indicative of retinal detachment?
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Strabismus in children primarily affects which aspect of vision?
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Which eye condition is characterized by inflammation of the conjunctiva?
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What proportion of children under the age of 18 in the U.S. have been diagnosed with an eye disease or condition?
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Which of the following is not one of the four most common eye conditions leading to loss of vision or blindness?
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What is the leading cause of vision loss in people over the age of 60?
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What percentage of macular degeneration cases are classified as dry AMD?
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What treatment approach is emphasized for managing eye conditions?
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What occurs in wet macular degeneration?
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What is considered legal blindness in terms of visual acuity?
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What symptom indicates the progression of age-related macular degeneration?
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Study Notes
Eye Diseases and Conditions
- More than 3.4 million people in the US older than 40 are legally blind or have a corrected vision of 20/40 or less
- Almost 7% of US children under 18 have been diagnosed with an eye disease or condition
- Nearly 3% of US children under 18 are blind or have impaired vision
- Vision loss is one of the top 10 causes of disability in adults over 18 and is a common disabling condition in children
- The four most common eye conditions leading to vision loss are: cataracts, diabetes-related retinopathy, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
- Regular eye exams can lead to early diagnosis and treatment of eye conditions
Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
- AMD is an eye disease that affects central vision
- It damages the macula, the center of the retina that allows us to see fine details
- It's the leading cause of vision loss in people over 60
- AMD can be wet or dry
- Wet AMD: Abnormal blood vessels grow under the macula and leak blood and fluid, damaging the macula and causing loss of central vision
- Dry AMD: The macula thins over time, blurring central vision; accounts for 70-90% of AMD cases
- Symptoms include: blurred central vision, black spots in central vision, wavy or curved appearance of straight lines
Cataracts
- Cataracts are a clouding of the eye's lens
- They can develop in one or both eyes
- They are the leading cause of blindness worldwide
- In the US, cataracts are the leading cause of reversible vision loss
- Symptoms include: cloudy/blurry vision, glare around lights, trouble seeing at night, sensitivity to bright light, needing bright light to read, changes in color perception, frequent changes in eyeglass prescription
- Cataract surgery, which removes the cloudy lens, has a high success rate with over 90% of people experiencing better vision after surgery
Diabetes-Related Retinopathy
- A common complication of diabetes
- One of the leading causes of blindness in adults in the US
- Damage to blood vessels in the retina due to long-term unmanaged high blood sugar
- Most people with diabetes-related retinopathy show no vision changes until the disease is severe
- Symptoms include: blurred or distorted vision, new color blindness, poor night vision, small dark spots or streaks in vision, trouble reading or seeing faraway objects
- Treatment includes: injections of specific medications and surgery to repair or shrink blood vessels in the retina
Glaucoma
- Eye disease caused by higher-than-normal fluid pressure in the eye
- Damages the optic nerve, affecting how visual information is transmitted to the brain
- Can lead to vision loss and blindness in one or both eyes
- Often runs in families
- Two main types:
- Open-Angle Glaucoma: Develops slowly over time; vision changes may go unnoticed until the disease progresses
- Closed-Angle Glaucoma: Occurs suddenly; painful and causes rapid vision loss
- Symptoms include: eye pain or pressure, headaches, red eyes, rainbow-colored halos around lights, low vision, blurred vision, tunnel vision, blind spots, nausea and vomiting
- Treatment focuses on reducing eye pressure and includes: prescription eye drops, laser therapy, and surgery
Retinal Detachment
- A separation of the retina from its underlying tissues holding it in place
- Serious eye condition that can lead to blindness if untreated
- Symptoms may or may not be present depending on the severity of the detachment
- Symptoms include: seeing flashes of light, seeing dark spots or squiggly lines in vision, darkening/covering of part or side vision
- Treatment includes: laser therapy or surgical approaches to seal the retinal tear and reattach the retina
Common Eye Conditions in Children
- Amblyopia (Lazy Eye): The brain and one eye don't work together properly, favoring the better-seeing eye; reduced vision in the non-favored eye; most common cause of vision impairment in children
- Strabismus: Eyes don't coordinate, causing them to cross or turn out; eyes don't focus together on the same image; can cause reduced 3D vision and favoritism of one eye, leading to loss of vision in the non-favored eye (amblyopia)
- Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye): Inflammation of the clear tissue lining the eyelid and outer coating of the eye; highly contagious, especially in children; doesn't cause permanent vision damage but causes itchy, red, blurry, tearing and discharge
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Description
This quiz explores common eye diseases and conditions, focusing on their impact on vision, especially in older adults and children. It covers critical information about Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD), its types, and the importance of regular eye exams for early diagnosis. Test your knowledge on eye health and vision loss prevention.
