Eye Development Lecture: Retina, CNS, and PNS Origins

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From which part of the embryo do the CNS and PNS originate?

Surface ectoderm

Neural crest

Neural tube (correct)

Neural plate

During what post-embryonic period does the eye develop in mice?

From post-natal day 10 to post-natal day 21

From post-embryonic day 9.5 to birth

From post-embryonic day 9.5 to post-natal day 10 (correct)

From birth to post-natal day 21

What is the difference in retinal development between humans and mice?

Mice have fully mature retinas at birth, while humans do not

Mice have fully formed neurons at birth, while humans do not

Humans have fully mature retinas at birth, while mice do not (correct)

Humans have fully formed neurons at birth, while mice do not

What is the function of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)?

To provide nutrients to photoreceptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lens in the eye?

To bring rays of light to a focus on the retina Signup and view all the answers

What is the macula responsible for?

Central vision Signup and view all the answers

What is the fovea?

The central pit in the macula Signup and view all the answers

At what week of gestation does the optic vesicle form in humans?

Week 3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the neural retina composed of?

All RGCs and neural cells Signup and view all the answers

When do humans have fully mature retinas?

At birth Signup and view all the answers

What is the main limitation of the environment in producing RGCs and retinal progenitors?

The environment cannot control the production of RGCs due to intrinsic limitations of progenitors Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Terminal selector genes in the generation of RGCs?

They only function at the appropriate time to specify the production of each cell type Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of inhibiting Hunchback in retinal progenitors?

Only late-born cells will be generated Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Asymmetric Cell Division in generating diversity in RGCs?

It generates diversity by producing daughter cells of different identities Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Numb in retinal progenitor cell division?

It is an antagonist of Notch signaling and is asymmetrically localized in dividing cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of inactivating Numb using loxP/Cre technology?

It leads to more symmetric cell divisions at late stages Signup and view all the answers

What is the correlation between the orientation of retinal progenitor cell division and cell fate decisions?

The orientation of cell division correlates with cell fate decisions Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the mitotic spindle in asymmetric cell divisions?

It orients to create an axis of polarity for asymmetric cell divisions Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between symmetric and asymmetric cell divisions in retinal progenitors?

Asymmetric divisions generate diversity, while symmetric divisions do not Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of vertical divisions in retinal progenitor cells?

They are asymmetric and generate two different types of neuronal cells Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the eye regulates the amount of light that enters the eye?

Pupil Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of multipotent retinal progenitors?

To give rise to all retinal cell types Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using a retroviral vector in cell lineage tracing?

It integrates into the host cell's genome Signup and view all the answers

What is the conclusion from the studies using BrdU to label cells at different stages of development?

Retinal progenitors are multipotent Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Shh in the development of the retina?

It inhibits the generation of ganglion cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of depleting ganglion cells from the late population in the experiment?

It recovers the generation of ganglion cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of interkinetic nuclear migration in the development of the retina?

It is the movement of divided cells away from the apical surface Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the second model of cell-fate specification in the retina?

It suggests that one multipotent progenitor cell can give rise to all retinal cell types Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of ablating RGCs from the late population in the experiment?