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Questions and Answers

What factor makes caste systems closed?

People cannot change their social standings.

What factor makes class systems open?

They allow for movement between the classes.

Which of these systems allows for the most social mobility?

  • Feudalism
  • Caste System
  • Slavery
  • Class System (correct)

    • Which person best illustrates opportunities for upward social mobility in the United States?

    <p>First-generation college student.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement illustrates low status consistency?

    <p>A college dropout launches an online company that earns millions in its first year.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on meritocracy, a physician's assistant would:

    <p>earn a pay raise for doing excellent work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the United States, most people define themselves as:

    <p>middle class.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Structural mobility occurs when:

    <p>a large group moves up or down the class ladder due to societal changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are class traits?

    <p>The behaviors, customs, and norms associated with a class.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario is an example of intergenerational mobility?

    <p>An executive belongs to a different class than her parents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Occupational prestige means that jobs are:

    <p>not equally valued.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Social stratification is a system that:

    <p>ranks society members into categories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which graphic concept best illustrates the concept of social stratification?

    <p>Pyramid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The GNI PPP figure represents:

    <p>the average annual income of a country's citizens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The basic premise of the Davis-Moore thesis is that the unequal distribution of rewards in social stratification:

    <p>serves a purpose in society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Unlike Davis and Moore, Melvin Tumin believed that, because of social stratification, some qualified people were _________ higher-level job positions.

    <p>denied the opportunity to obtain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement represents stratification from the perspective of symbolic interactionism?

    <p>After work, Pat, a janitor, feels more comfortable eating in a truck stop than a French restaurant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When Karl Marx said workers experience alienation, he meant that workers:

    <p>do not feel connected to their work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Conflict theorists view capitalists as those who:

    <p>get rich while workers stay poor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is social stratification?

    <p>A hierarchical ranking of people who have different access to valued resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are closed stratification systems?

    <p>Mobility is limited due to ascribed statuses—sex, skin color, family background.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is slavery?

    <p>People own others - control their lives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is chattel slavery?

    <p>People are bought and sold as commodities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define caste system.

    <p>Social categories are based on heredity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Indian caste system?

    <p>Indian system is a good example of this caste system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are Brahmins?

    <p>Educated priests and scholars.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are Kshatriyas?

    <p>Kings and warriors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are Vaishyas?

    <p>Merchants and farmers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are Shudras?

    <p>Peasants and laborers, craftspeople.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are dalits?

    <p>Poor, untouchables, menial and unpleasant jobs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are open stratification systems?

    <p>A social class is a category of people who have a similar rank based on wealth, education, power, or prestige.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is wealth?

    <p>Includes property (what people own) and income (money that comes in regularly).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define open system prestige.

    <p>Respect, recognition, or regard.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is status inconsistency?

    <p>High prestige, low power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is socioeconomic status (SES)?

    <p>An overall ranking of people's positions based on their income, education, and occupation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are life chances?

    <p>The extent to which people have positive experiences and can secure good things in life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Caste and Class Systems

    • Caste systems are closed, meaning individuals cannot change their social standing.
    • Class systems are open, allowing for movement between social classes and opportunities for upward mobility.

    Social Mobility

    • Class systems allow the most social mobility, as individuals can improve their social standing through achievements.
    • First-generation college students often exemplify significant upward social mobility.
    • Low status consistency is illustrated by individuals such as college dropouts who succeed in entrepreneurial ventures.

    Meritocracy and Income

    • Meritocracy emphasizes that individuals, such as physician's assistants, can earn pay raises based on performance.
    • The majority of Americans self-identify as middle class.

    Structural Mobility and Class Traits

    • Structural mobility occurs when large groups move up or down the class ladder due to societal changes.
    • Class traits encompass behaviors, customs, and norms associated with particular social classes.

    Intergenerational Mobility and Occupational Prestige

    • Intergenerational mobility occurs when individuals such as executives belong to a different class than their parents.
    • Occupational prestige indicates that jobs are not valued equally in society.

    Social Stratification

    • Social stratification ranks individuals based on categories like property, power, and status.
    • It can manifest in closed systems (e.g., slavery, castes) or open systems (paired with achieved statuses).

    Types of Stratification

    • Closed stratification systems limit mobility due to ascribed status (attributes acquired at birth).
    • Open stratification systems are characterized by social classes based on achieved status and are more fluid.

    Wealth and Inequality

    • Wealth includes property and income, with income inequality increasing in the U.S.
    • Wealth is cumulative and often passed down through generations.

    Prestige and Power

    • Prestige is the recognition and respect received based on factors like wealth, occupation, and family background.
    • Prestigious occupations require formal education and are often more socially valued.
    • Power is the ability to influence and control events, rooted in tradition, charisma, and social class.

    Social Elite and Status Inconsistency

    • The power elite, a term coined by C. Wright Mills, refers to a small group of influential white men making significant decisions in society.
    • Status inconsistency occurs when individuals possess high prestige but low power.

    Socioeconomic Status (SES) and Life Chances

    • Socioeconomic status ranks individuals based on income, education, and occupation.
    • Life chances refer to the opportunities individuals have to experience positive outcomes and secure desirable assets in life.

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