Extraoral Landmarks Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What indicates the relationship between the mandible and maxilla?

  • Nasal bridge
  • Philtrum
  • Mento-labial sulcus (correct)
  • Vermillion border

Which anatomical landmark becomes deeper with age and loss of teeth?

  • Nasolabial sulcus (correct)
  • Vermillion border
  • Philtrum
  • Interpupillary line

In Angle Class II, how does the mento-labial sulcus appear?

  • Straight line
  • Acute angle (correct)
  • Gentle curve
  • Obtuse angle

What is the shape of the philtrum in individuals with lost teeth?

<p>Flat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which line connects the ala of the nose to the tragus of the ear?

<p>Ala-tragus line (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the vermillion border with the loss of teeth?

<p>It reduces in size (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which angle does the mento-labial sulcus represent in Angle Class I relationship?

<p>Obtuse angle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The reduction of which landmark is indicative of proper lip support?

<p>Vermillion border (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition occurs due to a prolonged edentulous state?

<p>Inflammation caused by saliva (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area is considered a primary stress-bearing area in the maxilla?

<p>Maxillary tuberosity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structure lies oppposite the canines and is important for denture construction?

<p>Canine line (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of excessive bone resorption affecting the incisive papilla?

<p>It lying on the crest of the ridge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done to the median palatine raphe to prevent denture complications?

<p>Relieved to avoid rocking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the palatine rugae in relation to speech?

<p>Affects the 's' sound (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is surgical excision of the torus palatinus necessary?

<p>If it has a lateral undercut (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve and vessels are covered by the incisive papilla?

<p>Nasopalatine nerves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the posterior palatal seal in denture retention?

<p>To provide a compressive force on the soft palate for better fit (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for an effective posterior palatal seal?

<p>Contact the hard palate during function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is post-damming in the context of denture fabrication?

<p>The elevation at the posterior border of the maxillary denture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the posterior palatal seal help minimize the gag reflex in denture wearers?

<p>By making the denture border less felt by the tongue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical feature serves as the posterior limit of the upper denture?

<p>Pterygo-maxillary notch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the labial frenum in denture fitting?

<p>It needs to be relieved to avoid denture displacement and ulceration. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where should the posterior border of the upper denture be positioned relative to the fovea palatina?

<p>2 mm posterior to the fovea palatina. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure provides resistance to vertical forces in the jaw?

<p>The buttress part of bone. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the buccal frenum is correct?

<p>It should be relieved in the denture to facilitate functional movements. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the vibrating line?

<p>It marks the junction between the hard and soft palate. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the width of the posterior palatal seal?

<p>The curvature of the soft palate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about minor salivary glands is true regarding the ducts?

<p>Their ducts are found in depressions on the sides of the midline. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the buccinator muscle's fiber direction aid denture stability?

<p>It does not displace the denture during contraction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Interpupillary Line

Imaginary line connecting the centers of the pupils of both eyes.

Ala-Tragus Line

Line connecting the wing of the nose (ala) to the tragus (ear projection).

Nasolabial Sulcus

Depression between nose and upper lip; deepens with age/tooth loss.

Philtrum

'Diamond' area below nose on upper lip; flattens with tooth loss.

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Modiolus

Facial muscle point near mouth corner.

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Vermilion Border

Lip-skin boundary; reduces with tooth loss.

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Angle of the Mouth

Mouth corner, can get inflamed.

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Mentolabial Sulcus

Depression between chin and lower lip; relates jaw.

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Angle Class I

Obtuse sulcus angle, normal jaw relationship.

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Angle Class II

Acute sulcus angle, retruded mandible.

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Angle Class III

180-degree sulcus angle, protruded mandible.

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Residual Alveolar Ridge

Rounded gum ridge structure; denture support.

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Maxillary Tuberosity

Mucous membrane over a bony mass; denture stress area.

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Incisive Papilla

Pear-shaped tissue over incisive foramen; relieve pressure.

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Median Palatine Raphe

Midline hard palate tissue; denture relief needed.

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Palatine Rugae

Hard palate ridges, affect 's' sound.

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Torus Palatinus

Palate bony protrusion; relief or removal.

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Fovea Palatina

Small pits near palate midline, boundary marker.

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Root of Zygoma

Bone part on molar area, provides vertical support.

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Labial Frenum

Lip to gum tissue fold, avoid displacement/ulceration.

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Labial Vestibule

Space from lip to teeth's roots.

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Buccal Frenum

Cheek to gum tissue fold; avoid displacement/ulceration.

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Buccal Vestibule

Space from cheek to teeth's roots.

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Soft Palate (movable part)

Posterior soft palate.

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Vibrating Line

Boundary of movable and immovable soft palates.

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Pterygomaxillary Notch

Jaw space between tuberosity and pterygoid process.

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Posterior Palatal Seal

Soft tissue pressure; denture retention.

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Study Notes

Extraoral Landmarks

  • Interpupillary Line: Connects the center of the pupils of both eyes, used for orientation.
  • Ala-Tragus Line: Connects the ala nasi (wing of the nose) to the tragus (projection at the entrance of the ear canal), used for orientation.
  • Nasolabial Sulcus: Depression between the nostril and the upper lip, deepens with age and tooth loss.
  • Philtrum: Diamond-shaped area below the nose on the upper lip, flattens with tooth loss.
  • Modiolus: Muscle point where several facial muscles attach, near the corner of the mouth.
  • Vermilion Border: Line between the lips and the skin, reduced in size with tooth loss.
  • Angle of the Mouth: Corner of the mouth, can become inflamed due to saliva dripping in edentulous patients.
  • Mentolabial Sulcus: Depression between the lower lip and the chin, indicates the relationship between the mandible and maxilla.
    • Angle Class I: Obtuse angle in sulcus, normal ridge relationship.
    • Angle Class II: Acute angle in sulcus, retruded mandible.
    • Angle Class III: 180° angle in sulcus, protruded mandible.

Intraoral Landmarks of the Maxilla

  • Supporting Structures:

    • Residual Alveolar Ridge: Broad, rounded, and covered with fibrous connective tissue, provides a foundation for dentures.
    • Maxillary Tuberosity: Bulbous mass of mucous membrane overlying a bony tuberosity, a primary stress-bearing area for dentures.
    • Incisive Papilla: Pear-shaped elevation of soft tissue covering the incisive foramen, should be relieved for pressure avoidance.
    • Median Palatine Raphe: Midline of the hard palate, covered by mucoperiostium, relieved to avoid rocking the denture.
    • Palatine Rugae: Irregular ridges of dense connective tissue on the anterior hard palate, affect "s" sound pronunciation.
    • Torus Palatinus: Bony exostosis on the palate, may require relief or surgical excision.
    • Fovea Palatina: Two small pits on either side of the midline, aid in locating the posterior border of the denture.
    • Root of Zygoma: Buttress part of bone, provides vertical support, located above the first molar teeth.
  • Limiting Structures:

    • Labial Frenum: Fold of mucous membrane attaching the upper lip, requires relief to avoid displacement and ulceration.
    • Labial Vestibule: Reflection of mucosa from upper lip to alveolar process, controls the labial flange thickness and length for denture seal.
    • Buccal Frenum: Fold of mucous membrane, requires relief to avoid displacement and ulceration.
    • Buccal Vestibule: Reflection of mucosa from cheek to alveolar process, influenced by the buccinator muscle.
    • Soft Palate:
      • Immovable Part: Located adjacent to the hard palate.
      • Movable Part: Lies more posteriorly.
      • Vibrating Line (AH Line): Junction between the movable and immovable parts, marks the posterior border of the denture.
    • Pterygomaxillary Notch (Hamular Notch): Notch between the maxillary tuberosity and the pterygoid hamulus, determines the posterior limit of the denture.

Posterior Palatal Seal (Post Dam)

  • Definition: Slight compression applied by the denture on the soft tissues at the vibrating line, providing retention.

  • Objectives:

    • Prevents air passage.
    • Prevents food from getting under the denture.
    • Improves denture retention.
    • Compensates for polymerization shrinkage.
    • Eliminates the gagging reflex.
  • Requirements for Effective Seal:

    • Lies on displaceable tissues.
    • Maintains contact during rest and function.

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Description

Test your knowledge of extraoral landmarks used in dentistry and facial anatomy. This quiz covers important anatomical features such as the interpupillary line, ala-tragus line, and the vermilion border. Understand how these landmarks relate to dental and facial assessments.

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