Extraction of Metals and Iron from Hematite
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Questions and Answers

Which element is extracted from hematite?

  • Iron (correct)
  • Aluminium
  • Zinc
  • Copper

    • The least reactive element mentioned in the notes is gold.

    True

    What is the primary purpose of a blast furnace in metal extraction?

    To extract iron from its ore.

    Iron is extracted from hematite using a large container called a ______.

    <p>blast furnace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following elements with their extraction methods:

    <p>Copper = Heating with carbon or hydrogen Zinc = Heating with reducing agent such as carbon Iron = Blast furnace from hematite Gold = Found as pure element</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of coke in the extraction of iron?

    <p>To burn and produce heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Calcium carbonate decomposes to form calcium oxide and carbon monoxide.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed when carbon monoxide reduces iron(III) oxide?

    <p>iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of removing impurities from iron ore using lime is called _____ .

    <p>fluxing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the materials to their roles in the extraction of iron:

    <p>Iron ore (Hematite) = Provides iron Coke = Fuel and reducing agent Limestone = Removes impurities Hot air = Supports combustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical reaction occurs in Zone 2 of the blast furnace?

    <p>Carbon + carbon dioxide → carbon monoxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The molten slag floats on top of the molten iron in the blast furnace.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What two substances react to form calcium silicate?

    <p>calcium oxide and silicon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of dissolving aluminium oxide in molten cryolite?

    <p>To lower the melting point and reduce energy consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carbon dioxide is produced at the cathode during aluminium extraction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for aluminium oxide?

    <p>Al2O3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At the __________, aluminium ions gain electrons and molten aluminium forms.

    <p>cathode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following equations correctly represents the oxidation process at the anode?

    <p>2O2- → O2 + 4e-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Reduction = Gaining electrons Oxidation = Losing electrons Cathode = Negative electrode Anode = Positive electrode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the anode during the extraction of aluminium?

    <p>It wears away and needs to be replaced regularly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The overall reaction for the extraction of aluminium can be summarized as __________.

    <p>2Al2O3 → 4Al + 3O2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation represents the burning of carbon to produce carbon dioxide?

    <p>C (s) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aluminium can be extracted from bauxite using carbon reduction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main ore of aluminium?

    <p>bauxite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The reduction of iron(III) oxide by carbon monoxide produces ______.

    <p>iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced when calcium carbonate decomposes?

    <p>CaO and CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the reactions with their corresponding zones in iron extraction:

    <p>C (s) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) = Zone 1 CO2 (g) + C (s) → 2CO (g) = Zone 2 Fe2O3 (s) + 3CO (g) → 2Fe (I) + 3CO2 (g) = Zone 3 CaCO3 (s) → CaO (s) + CO2 (g) = Zone 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electrolysis is the method used to extract aluminium from its ore.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The formation of slag involves the reaction of CaO with ______.

    <p>SiO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a metal ore?

    <p>A rock that contains enough metal to make extraction worthwhile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Native metals are found in chemically combined forms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name two examples of native metals.

    <p>Gold and Platinum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The extraction method for metals high in the reactivity series, such as potassium and sodium, involves __________.

    <p>electrolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following metals with their methods of extraction:

    <p>Iron = Blast furnace Gold = Mined directly Aluminium = Electrolysis Copper = Heating with carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following metals requires extraction by electrolysis?

    <p>Aluminium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reactive metals are typically found in their uncombined form.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main process involved in the extraction of metals from oxide ores?

    <p>Reduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Extraction of Metals

    • Metals are often chemically combined with other substances in ores
    • Metal ores contain enough metal to make extraction worthwhile
    • Extraction methods include electrolysis, blast furnaces, and reacting with more reactive materials
    • Many ores are metal oxides, requiring reduction processes to remove oxygen
    • Common oxide ores include iron (hematite) and aluminium (bauxite)
    • Unreactive metals (e.g., gold, platinum) are often found in their elemental form (native metals)
    • Metal reactivity influences extraction method
    • Higher reactivity metals require electrolysis; lower reactivity metals require heating with carbon

    Extraction of Iron from Hematite

    • Iron is extracted from its ore, hematite, in a blast furnace
    • Modern blast furnaces produce approximately 10,000 tonnes of iron per day
    • Raw materials include iron ore (hematite), coke (carbon), and limestone
    • The blast furnace is a large container
    • Three zones are crucial in the extraction process

    Blast Furnace Zones

    • Zone 1: Coke burns in hot air, producing heat and carbon dioxide (CO2)
    • Zone 2: Carbon dioxide is reduced to carbon monoxide (CO) at high temperatures
    • Zone 3: Carbon monoxide reduces iron(III) oxide in the iron ore to form iron
    • Limestone (calcium carbonate) removes impurities (e.g., silicon dioxide) to form slag (calcium silicate)
    • Molten iron is collected at the bottom of the furnace and tapped off
    • Molten slag floats on top of the molten iron and is also tapped off

    Equations for Iron Extraction (Extended Tier Only)

    • Zone 1: C + O₂ → CO₂
    • Zone 2: CO₂ + C → 2CO
    • Zone 3: Fe₂O₃ + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO₂
    • Limestone Decomposition: CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂
    • Slag Formation: CaO + SiO₂ → CaSiO₃

    Extraction of Aluminium from Bauxite

    • Aluminium is extracted by electrolysis, as it's higher in the reactivity series than carbon
    • The main ore is bauxite, which contains aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃)
    • Bauxite is purified to produce aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃)
    • Aluminium oxide is dissolved in molten cryolite to lower the melting point for electrolysis
    • Electrolysis uses graphite anodes and a steel case lined with graphite as the cathode
    • Molten aluminium forms at the bottom of the cell and is tapped off
    • Oxide ions lose electrons at the anode producing oxygen
    • Aluminium ions gain electrons at the cathode forming aluminium metal
    • Requires a large amount of electricity
    • During electrolysis, carbon in the graphite anodes reacts with oxygen, producing carbon dioxide

    Electrochemical Principles (Extended Tier Only)

    • OIL RIG: Oxidation Is Loss, Reduction Is Gain of electrons
    • Cathode: Negative electrode where reduction occurs (electrons gained)
    • Anode: Positive electrode where oxidation occurs (electrons lost)
    • Overall Equation (for aluminium): 2Al₂O₃ → 4Al + 3O₂

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    Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE Chemistry Extraction of Metals PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the processes involved in the extraction of metals from ores, focusing specifically on iron extraction from hematite using blast furnaces. It delves into the various extraction methods and the role of metal reactivity in determining the appropriate approach for different metals.

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