Extracellular Matrix Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the main component of the extracellular matrix (ECM)?

Cell type

Vascularity

Ground substance (correct)

Fibers

Which of the following is NOT a type of fiber found in the extracellular matrix?

Collagen

Fibrin (correct)

Elastic

Reticular

What primarily composes the ground substance of the extracellular matrix?

Cells and carbohydrates

Fibers and minerals

Collagen and lipids

Water and proteins (correct)

What is the main origin of all connective tissues?

Mesoderm Signup and view all the answers

Which of these connective tissue types is most likely to be avascular?

Cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What structures are primarily responsible for transmitting electrical impulses in nervous tissue?

Neurons Signup and view all the answers

In terms of vascularity, which type of connective tissue is generally poorly vascularized?

Dense connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the soma in a neuron?

Containment of organelles Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the control center in the homeostatic process?

To determine the normal level at which a variable should be maintained Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the homeostatic control system receives instructions from the control center?

Effector Signup and view all the answers

What term was coined by Walter Cannon in 1926 that describes the body's ability to maintain stable conditions?

Homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

What pathway carries information from the receptor to the control center?

Afferent pathway Signup and view all the answers

Which system regulates the organ systems to maintain homeostasis?

Nervous and endocrine systems Signup and view all the answers

What could be a possible consequence of failure to maintain homeostasis in the body?

Disruption of organ systems Signup and view all the answers

Which variable is NOT mentioned as part of the homeostatic controls outlined?

Blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the entire body when one organ system is disrupted?

It may lead to death Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cavities contains the heart?

Thoracic Cavity Signup and view all the answers

Which of these organs is primarily located in the hypogastric region?

Bladder Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym PRIB refer to in relation to the organs in the hypogastric region?

Parts, Rectum, Internal Reproductive Organs, Bladder Signup and view all the answers

Which cavity is defined as comprising the abdominal and pelvic cavities?

Abdominopelvic Cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the extracellular matrix?

Supports connective tissue cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of junction is primarily found between epithelial cells?

Gap Junctions Signup and view all the answers

What is contained within the mediastinum?

Esophagus, heart, trachea Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following regions is NOT part of the main body cavities?

Iliac Region Signup and view all the answers

Where is ciliated columnar epithelium primarily found?

In the respiratory tract Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of stratified squamous epithelial cells?

They consist of flat surface cells with deeper cells being cuboidal or columnar Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

Secretion and movement of mucus Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes keratinized stratified squamous epithelium from non-keratinized?

Keratinized cells contain keratin for waterproofing Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelium is typically involved in secretion and absorption?

Stratified cuboidal epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique feature of pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

Nuclei are at different levels within a single layer Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium would you expect to find lining the epidermis of the skin?

Stratified squamous epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelium would most likely line moist areas like the mouth and esophagus?

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of transitional epithelium?

Specialized to stretch and return to its normal shape Signup and view all the answers

In which location would you primarily find transitional epithelium?

In the urinary bladder Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes stratified columnar epithelium from other types of epithelium?

It contains more cuboidal cells underneath columnar cells Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the function of stratified columnar epithelium?

Primarily engaged in secretion and protection Signup and view all the answers

Where in the body is stratified columnar epithelium typically found?

In the ducts of some glands and male urethra Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of transitional epithelium's structure?

Surface cells can vary in shape Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tissues is the most abundant and widely distributed in the human body?

Connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelial tissue is primarily involved with secretion in males?

Stratified columnar epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

Composed of ground substance and fibers.
Ground substance consists mainly of water, proteins (cell adhesion proteins), and polysaccharides (proteoglycans).
ECM supports connective tissue (CT) cells.

Types of Fibers in ECM

Collagen: Provides strength and structure.
Elastic fibers: Offer flexibility and resilience.
Reticular fibers: Form supportive networks.

Connective Tissue Characteristics

All connective tissues derive from mesenchyme.
Vascularity varies; most types have rich blood supplies except cartilage (avascular) and dense connective tissue (poorly vascularized).

Nervous Tissue

Neurons are the primary functional units responsible for transmitting electrical impulses.
Seven characteristics include structure (cell body/Soma, nucleus and organelles) and function.

Body Regions and Cavities

Major abdominal regions include hypochondriac (upper), iliac (lower), and lumbar (middle).
Most organs of the hypogastric region include parts of the intestine, rectum, and bladder.

Main Body Cavities

Ventral Cavity:
- Contains thoracic cavity with mediastinum (houses heart, esophagus, trachea).
- Contains pleural cavities.
- Separates abdominopelvic cavity (digestive organs).
Dorsal Cavity:
- Cranial cavity houses the brain.

Epithelium Types and Functions

Ciliated Columnar Epithelium:
- Structure: Single layer, often ciliated.
- Function: Secretion and movement of mucus; located in the respiratory tract.
Stratified Squamous Epithelium:
- Structure: Flat surface cells; deeper may be cuboidal or columnar.
- Keratinized: Protection, found in skin.
- Non-keratinized: Protection in moist areas (mouth, esophagus).
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium:
- Structure: Appears stratified, single layer.
- Function: Secretion/movement of mucus; found in the respiratory tract.
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium:
- Structure: Surface cells cuboidal, usually two or three layers.
- Function: Protection, secretion, absorption; found in ducts.
Transitional Epithelium:
- Structure: Surface cells vary from squamous to cuboidal depending on stretching.
- Function: Flexibility and protection; found in urinary bladder and ureters.

Homeostasis

Definition: Ability to maintain stable conditions despite external changes.
Involves regulating acid levels, blood sugar, and other variables.
All organ systems collaborate to maintain homeostasis; disruption in one may affect others.

Homeostatic Control Mechanisms

Receptor: Monitors changes; sends information via afferent pathway to control center.
Control Center: Analyzes information, determines response, maintains normal levels.
Effector: Executes response from control center via efferent pathway; influences body's response to stimuli.

Histology

Study of tissues and cells under a microscope.

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Description

This quiz explores the key components and structures of the extracellular matrix (ECM), focusing on its composition of ground substance and fibers. Understanding the role of water and other vital elements in ECM is crucial in cellular biology.