Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a function of the extracellular matrix (ECM)?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the extracellular matrix (ECM)?
The extracellular matrix (ECM) contains more cells than matrix in muscle tissues.
The extracellular matrix (ECM) contains more cells than matrix in muscle tissues.
True
What is the primary function of proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix?
What is the primary function of proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix?
They serve as ground substances for compression resistance and lubrication.
The extracellular matrix in ___ is thick and highly mineralized, while in the cornea it is a water-rich, transparent gel.
The extracellular matrix in ___ is thick and highly mineralized, while in the cornea it is a water-rich, transparent gel.
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Match the following components of ECM with their respective types:
Match the following components of ECM with their respective types:
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What is the ECM to cell ratio in load-bearing tissues like tendons and bone?
What is the ECM to cell ratio in load-bearing tissues like tendons and bone?
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The extracellular matrix does not influence tissue function.
The extracellular matrix does not influence tissue function.
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Name one fibrous structural protein found in the extracellular matrix.
Name one fibrous structural protein found in the extracellular matrix.
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Fibronectin is one of the main fibrous structural proteins found in the extracellular matrix.
Fibronectin is one of the main fibrous structural proteins found in the extracellular matrix.
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What protein allows tissues to return to their original shape after being stretched?
What protein allows tissues to return to their original shape after being stretched?
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What dietary supplement can help increase collagen synthesis in individuals with reduced synthesis?
What dietary supplement can help increase collagen synthesis in individuals with reduced synthesis?
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The two main components of fibrous structural proteins are __________ and __________.
The two main components of fibrous structural proteins are __________ and __________.
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Match the following proteins with their characteristics:
Match the following proteins with their characteristics:
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What happens to collagen production as skin ages?
What happens to collagen production as skin ages?
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UV light exposure can damage elastin fibers, leading to skin wrinkling.
UV light exposure can damage elastin fibers, leading to skin wrinkling.
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Name two treatments that may help restore skin volume and decrease wrinkles.
Name two treatments that may help restore skin volume and decrease wrinkles.
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Study Notes
Extracellular Matrix
- The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the material that lies between cells in multicellular organisms.
- The ECM is made up of fibrous structural proteins, proteoglycans, and adhesive glycoproteins.
- ECM is present in varying amounts depending on tissue type.
- Load-bearing tissues like artery walls, tendons, cartilage, skin, and bone have a higher ratio of ECM to cells (10:1).
- Muscles have a lower ratio of ECM to cells (1:10).
- The physical nature of ECM varies greatly.
- Bone ECM is thick, highly mineralized, hard, inflexible, and opaque.
- The cornea's ECM is water-rich, transparent, flexible, and acts as a gel.
- ECM functions include space filling, mechanical support, cellular interaction for maintaining normal tissue architecture, cell proliferation control, and tissue regeneration.
Fibrous Structural Proteins
- Collagen is the most abundant protein in the human body and provides strength and resilience to tissues.
- Elastin allows tissues to stretch and recoil, much like a rubber band.
- UV light can damage elastin fibers, causing wrinkles in the skin.
- Collagen plays a crucial role in wound healing by tissue remodeling.
- The synthesis of collagen requires ascorbic acid (vitamin C).
- Collagen production slows down with age, leading to skin wrinkles and loss of firmness.
Proteoglycans
- Proteoglycans are a ground substance in the ECM, providing compression resistance and lubrication.
- Examples of proteoglycans include chondroitin sulfate and keratin sulfate.
Adhesive Glycoproteins
- Adhesive glycoproteins like fibronectin and laminin attach cells to the matrix.
Other Key Points
- Collagen synthesis can be reduced by decreased ascorbic acid or increased collagenases.
- Collagen injection, topical collagen creams, antioxidants, and retinoids can be used to restore skin volume and decrease wrinkles.
- Collagen and elastin contribute significantly to the integrity and function of various tissues.
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Description
This quiz explores the extracellular matrix (ECM), focusing on its composition, variations among tissue types, and major functions. It also delves into fibrous structural proteins such as collagen and elastin, highlighting their roles in tissue strength and elasticity. Test your knowledge of ECM's critical importance in multicellular organisms.
