Extracellular Matrix (ECM) Overview
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Questions and Answers

What role do fibronectin and laminin play in relation to cells?

  • They serve as a source of amino acids for collagen synthesis.
  • They function as signaling molecules for cell growth.
  • They stabilize the collagen structure.
  • They anchor cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM). (correct)

    • Which amino acids are specifically mentioned as stabilizing components of the collagen structure?

  • Proline and Hydroxyproline (correct)
  • Glycine and Serine
  • Arginine and Lysine
  • Alanine and Valine

    • What is true about Type I collagen?

  • It is primarily found in the basal lamina.
  • It is a network-forming collagen.
  • It has a repeating disaccharide structure.
  • It forms fibrils in bone, skin, and tendons. (correct)

    • How are fibril-forming collagens different from network-forming collagens?

    <p>Network-forming collagens provide structural support as a gel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is associated with the structure of highly negative charged collagens?

    <p>They attract cations due to sulfate and carboxyl groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main structural role of ECM proteins?

    <p>Providing mechanical support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of collagen is specifically mentioned as a component of the basal lamina?

    <p>Type IV collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic function of integrins?

    <p>They act as receptors for ECM components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cancer cells utilize the ECM during their migration?

    <p>They use ECM components for signaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major characteristic of proteoglycans?

    <p>They are proteins bonded to glycosaminoglycans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do glycosaminoglycans play in ECM?

    <p>Offering hydration and resisting compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of structure does ECM form in the basal lamina?

    <p>Hydrated gel matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance primarily contributes to the resistance against compression in structures like cartilage?

    <p>Glycosaminoglycans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key functions of hyaluronic acid in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Facilitates cell migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property is primarily associated with elastin in tissues?

    <p>Elasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does collagen play in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Contributes to tensile strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the structure of collagen is accurate?

    <p>It is made up of a triple helix of polypeptide α-chains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the extracellular matrix (ECM)?

    <p>To provide structural and adhesive properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is primarily responsible for shock absorption in tissues?

    <p>Hyaluronic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant feature of elastin in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>It allows tissues to return to their original shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid is crucial for the tight packing in collagen's structure?

    <p>Glycine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Fibril-Associated Collagens (FACIT)?

    <p>Provide resistance to compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in relation to collagen?

    <p>Attract Na+ for osmotic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) primarily added to proteins during synthesis?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteoglycan is specifically noted for its role in resisting compression in cartilage?

    <p>Aggrecan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic does Hyaluronan possess compared to other glycosaminoglycans?

    <p>It is non-sulfated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is associated with Decorin in the context of collagen?

    <p>Regulate collagen fibril assembly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of Syndecans?

    <p>Involved in cell signaling and adhesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which components contribute to the resilience of cartilage?

    <p>Glycosaminoglycans and Syndecans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the basal lamina?

    <p>To serve as a specialized ECM separating epithelia from connective tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following proteins is NOT a component of the basal lamina?

    <p>Elastin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the ECM play in tissue regeneration?

    <p>It serves as a scaffold for tissue regeneration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary composition of the ECM in bone and cartilage tissue?

    <p>95% ECM and 5% cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following molecules is primarily responsible for cell adhesion in the ECM?

    <p>Fibronectin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the ECM is involved in retaining synaptic organization during neuromuscular junction regeneration?

    <p>Laminin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'GAGs' refer to in the context of ECM composition?

    <p>Glycosaminoglycans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the proteins in the ECM synthesized and structured?

    <p>Synthesized locally and assembled into a network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

    • The ECM is a dynamic structure surrounding cells in tissues
    • Composed of proteins (e.g., collagen, elastin) and polysaccharides (e.g., glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans)
    • Abundant in tissues like bone and cartilage (around 95% in some)
    • Provides mechanical support and influences cell behavior (e.g., survival, development, shape, function)
    • Acts as a scaffold for tissue regeneration. Examples: retains synaptic organization during neuromuscular junction regeneration.

    Key Components of ECM

    • Collagen: Provides tensile strength, found in different types, with variations in organizational structures (e.g., fibril-forming vs. network-forming).
      • Triple helix of polypeptide chains with specific amino acids contributing to strength and stability
      • Important examples: Type I (bone, skin, tendons) and Type IV (basal lamina)
    • Proteoglycans: Proteins bonded to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs).
      • Aggrecan: Supports cartilage, resists compression
      • Decorin: Regulates collagen fibril assembly
      • Syndecans: Involved in cell signaling and adhesion
    • Ground Substance: A hydrated gel matrix, primarily composed of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs).
      • Hyaluronic Acid: Non-sulfated GAG, important for hydration, resistance to compression, and cell migration.
      • Provide hydration and resistance to compression, attracting Na+ ions for osmotic pressure.
      • Other GAGs: Chondroitin/Dermatan sulfates (cartilage resilience), Heparan sulfate (basement membrane filtration), Keratan sulfate (cornea and cartilage)
    • Fibrous Proteins: Collagen and Elastin
      • Elastin: Provides elasticity to tissues like skin and blood vessels.
      • Anchors cells to the ECM.

    Basal Lamina

    • A specialized type of ECM, separating epithelial cells from connective tissues.
    • Contains specific proteins like Laminin, Type IV collagen, Nidogen, and Perlecan
    • Acts as a selective filter for molecules and cells.
    • Example: Retains synaptic organization during neuromuscular junction regeneration, important for tissue homeostasis.

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    Extracellular Matrix (ECM) PDF

    Description

    Explore the intricate structure and function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in tissues. Learn about key components such as collagen and proteoglycans, and their roles in providing mechanical support and influencing cell behavior. This quiz delves into the ECM's significance in tissue regeneration and development.

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