Extracellular Matrix (ECM) Overview
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Questions and Answers

What role do fibronectin and laminin play in relation to cells?

  • They serve as a source of amino acids for collagen synthesis.
  • They function as signaling molecules for cell growth.
  • They stabilize the collagen structure.
  • They anchor cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM). (correct)

Which amino acids are specifically mentioned as stabilizing components of the collagen structure?

  • Proline and Hydroxyproline (correct)
  • Glycine and Serine
  • Arginine and Lysine
  • Alanine and Valine

What is true about Type I collagen?

  • It is primarily found in the basal lamina.
  • It is a network-forming collagen.
  • It has a repeating disaccharide structure.
  • It forms fibrils in bone, skin, and tendons. (correct)

How are fibril-forming collagens different from network-forming collagens?

<p>Network-forming collagens provide structural support as a gel. (A), Network-forming collagens stabilize other collagen types. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is associated with the structure of highly negative charged collagens?

<p>They attract cations due to sulfate and carboxyl groups. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main structural role of ECM proteins?

<p>Providing mechanical support (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of collagen is specifically mentioned as a component of the basal lamina?

<p>Type IV collagen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic function of integrins?

<p>They act as receptors for ECM components (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do cancer cells utilize the ECM during their migration?

<p>They use ECM components for signaling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major characteristic of proteoglycans?

<p>They are proteins bonded to glycosaminoglycans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do glycosaminoglycans play in ECM?

<p>Offering hydration and resisting compression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of structure does ECM form in the basal lamina?

<p>Hydrated gel matrix (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substance primarily contributes to the resistance against compression in structures like cartilage?

<p>Glycosaminoglycans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key functions of hyaluronic acid in the extracellular matrix?

<p>Facilitates cell migration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property is primarily associated with elastin in tissues?

<p>Elasticity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does collagen play in the extracellular matrix?

<p>Contributes to tensile strength (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the structure of collagen is accurate?

<p>It is made up of a triple helix of polypeptide α-chains. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the extracellular matrix (ECM)?

<p>To provide structural and adhesive properties (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is primarily responsible for shock absorption in tissues?

<p>Hyaluronic acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant feature of elastin in the extracellular matrix?

<p>It allows tissues to return to their original shape. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is crucial for the tight packing in collagen's structure?

<p>Glycine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Fibril-Associated Collagens (FACIT)?

<p>Provide resistance to compression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in relation to collagen?

<p>Attract Na+ for osmotic pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) primarily added to proteins during synthesis?

<p>Golgi apparatus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which proteoglycan is specifically noted for its role in resisting compression in cartilage?

<p>Aggrecan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic does Hyaluronan possess compared to other glycosaminoglycans?

<p>It is non-sulfated (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which function is associated with Decorin in the context of collagen?

<p>Regulate collagen fibril assembly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of Syndecans?

<p>Involved in cell signaling and adhesion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which components contribute to the resilience of cartilage?

<p>Glycosaminoglycans and Syndecans (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the basal lamina?

<p>To serve as a specialized ECM separating epithelia from connective tissue. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following proteins is NOT a component of the basal lamina?

<p>Elastin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the ECM play in tissue regeneration?

<p>It serves as a scaffold for tissue regeneration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary composition of the ECM in bone and cartilage tissue?

<p>95% ECM and 5% cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following molecules is primarily responsible for cell adhesion in the ECM?

<p>Fibronectin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the ECM is involved in retaining synaptic organization during neuromuscular junction regeneration?

<p>Laminin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'GAGs' refer to in the context of ECM composition?

<p>Glycosaminoglycans (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the proteins in the ECM synthesized and structured?

<p>Synthesized locally and assembled into a network. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Basal Lamina

A specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) that separates epithelial tissues from connective tissue. It acts as a selective filter for molecules and cells, and also provides a scaffold for tissue regeneration.

Laminin

A major component of the basal lamina, this protein is a key part of the ECM. It's like a 'glue' holding everything together.

Type IV Collagen

Another vital component of the basal lamina, this protein provides structural support. It's like the 'steel beams' of a building.

Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

A dynamic structure that surrounds cells and provides a framework for tissue organization.

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ECM Abundance

ECM is a diverse and abundant material in our bodies! It makes up a huge portion of bone and cartilage tissue.

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Fibronectin

This ECM component helps cells attach to neighboring structures, enabling movement. It's like the 'sticky tape' helping cells stick and migrate.

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Integrins

Integrins are protein receptors that bind to ECM components and allow communication between cells and their environment.

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Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

A complex sugar molecule that plays a key role in ECM function. It helps hydrate the tissue and provide structural support.

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Adhesion Proteins

Proteins that connect cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM), influencing cell behavior.

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Ground Substance

The gel-like substance that fills the spaces between cells in the ECM. It provides hydration and cushioning.

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Proteoglycans

Proteins that bind to GAGs, creating a gel that resists compression. They're important for cartilage.

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Hyaluronic Acid

A non-sulfated GAG found in the ground substance, important for hydration.

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Elastin

A protein that forms elastic fibers in the ECM, allowing tissues to stretch and recoil.

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Collagen

A type of fibrous protein that provides tensile strength to tissues, like ligaments and tendons.

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Fibrous Protein

A type of protein that forms long, thin strands and is essential for providing structural support and tensile strength to tissues.

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Tensile Strength

The ability of a tissue to resist stretching or pulling forces.

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Elasticity

The ability of a tissue to deform under stress and return to its original shape.

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Glycine

A common amino acid found in collagen that helps with tight packing of polypeptide chains.

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What is collagen?

Collagen is a fibrous protein that provides structural support to tissues. It is abundant in the extracellular matrix (ECM), and different types of collagen contribute to the unique properties of various tissues.

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What are fibril-forming collagens?

Fibril-forming collagens, like Type I, are organized into long, rope-like fibers that provide tensile strength to tissues. They're found in bone, skin, and tendons.

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What are network-forming collagens?

Network-forming collagens, like Type IV, create intricate networks that serve as a base for other structures, particularly in the basal lamina. This type is crucial for maintaining the integrity of organs.

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What are glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)?

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are complex sugar chains that are highly negatively charged due to sulfate and carboxyl groups. This charge attracts cations (positively charged ions) which helps with hydration and structural support in the ECM.

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How do cells connect to the ECM?

Proteins like fibronectin and laminin act as anchors that connect cells to the ECM. They are essential for cell adhesion, migration, and tissue organization.

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Fibril-Associated Collagens (FACIT)

A group of collagen proteins that bind to other collagen fibrils, giving them added strength and elasticity. They're like the 'rebar' of a concrete structure, reinforcing the main collagen fibers.

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Aggrecan

A type of proteoglycan found in cartilage. It attracts water through osmotic pressure, giving cartilage its ability to withstand compression.

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Decorin

A type of proteoglycan that regulates the assembly of collagen fibrils. It's like a 'blueprint' for how collagen should be arranged.

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Hyaluronan

The simplest type of GAG, it's not sulfated and plays a role in tissue repair. It's like the 'first aid' for damaged tissues.

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Chondroitin/Dermatan Sulfates

A type of GAG that provides resilience and cushioning properties in cartilage (like in your knees).

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Syndecans

Proteoglycans that reside on the cell surface and act as signaling molecules, connecting cells to the ECM and their surroundings. They act as 'bridges' between cells and their environment.

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Proteoglycan synthesis

The synthesis of proteoglycans starts in the rough ER (where proteins are made) and continues in the Golgi apparatus (where sugars are added). It's like a 'production line' for making these complex molecules.

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Study Notes

Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

  • The ECM is a dynamic structure surrounding cells in tissues
  • Composed of proteins (e.g., collagen, elastin) and polysaccharides (e.g., glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans)
  • Abundant in tissues like bone and cartilage (around 95% in some)
  • Provides mechanical support and influences cell behavior (e.g., survival, development, shape, function)
  • Acts as a scaffold for tissue regeneration. Examples: retains synaptic organization during neuromuscular junction regeneration.

Key Components of ECM

  • Collagen: Provides tensile strength, found in different types, with variations in organizational structures (e.g., fibril-forming vs. network-forming).
    • Triple helix of polypeptide chains with specific amino acids contributing to strength and stability
    • Important examples: Type I (bone, skin, tendons) and Type IV (basal lamina)
  • Proteoglycans: Proteins bonded to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs).
    • Aggrecan: Supports cartilage, resists compression
    • Decorin: Regulates collagen fibril assembly
    • Syndecans: Involved in cell signaling and adhesion
  • Ground Substance: A hydrated gel matrix, primarily composed of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs).
    • Hyaluronic Acid: Non-sulfated GAG, important for hydration, resistance to compression, and cell migration.
    • Provide hydration and resistance to compression, attracting Na+ ions for osmotic pressure.
    • Other GAGs: Chondroitin/Dermatan sulfates (cartilage resilience), Heparan sulfate (basement membrane filtration), Keratan sulfate (cornea and cartilage)
  • Fibrous Proteins: Collagen and Elastin
    • Elastin: Provides elasticity to tissues like skin and blood vessels.
    • Anchors cells to the ECM.

Basal Lamina

  • A specialized type of ECM, separating epithelial cells from connective tissues.
  • Contains specific proteins like Laminin, Type IV collagen, Nidogen, and Perlecan
  • Acts as a selective filter for molecules and cells.
  • Example: Retains synaptic organization during neuromuscular junction regeneration, important for tissue homeostasis.

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Description

Explore the intricate structure and function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in tissues. Learn about key components such as collagen and proteoglycans, and their roles in providing mechanical support and influencing cell behavior. This quiz delves into the ECM's significance in tissue regeneration and development.

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