Extra Oral Examination medium
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Questions and Answers

What reactivates the Herpes Simplex Virus leading to cold sores?

  • Regular exercise
  • Certain situations or conditions (correct)
  • Dietary changes
  • Increased hydration

Why should a patient with a cold sore not be treated until it has completely healed?

  • It reduces chances of remission
  • Healing requires natural processes only
  • Treatment is ineffective once lesions appear
  • It could exacerbate the outbreak (correct)

Which of the following features indicates a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) on the lip?

  • A blister that heals within a week
  • A patch that is red but painless
  • A white spot that appears and disappears
  • A sore that hasn’t healed (correct)

What symptom might be associated with squamous cell carcinoma on the lip?

<p>Swelling of lymph nodes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key action when suspecting squamous cell carcinoma?

<p>Urgent referral for biopsy and assessment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which areas should be examined closely for abnormalities during an oral extra-oral exam?

<p>Face, lips, eyes, and lymph nodes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What additional areas should be checked for abnormalities in conjunction with the lips?

<p>TMJ and lymph nodes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What important information should be gathered from the patient during an examination?

<p>Full history and possible explanations of findings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential outcome of a lesion that takes a long time to heal?

<p>It may indicate a harmful condition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be noted about any suspicious lesion on or near the lips?

<p>Duration, size, and color (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of conducting an extra oral examination?

<p>To identify any undisclosed or undiagnosed conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure is primarily responsible for the movement of the jaw?

<p>Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which areas are included in the examination of the upper face?

<p>Forehead and eyes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a normal characteristic of healthy lymph nodes during an examination?

<p>Small and non-tender (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of pain and dysfunction in the TMJ?

<p>Bruxism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be noted if an abnormality is detected during the examination?

<p>Size, location, and consistency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a TMJ examination, what symptom might indicate a problem?

<p>Clicking or deviation when opening the jaw (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for the patient to be relaxed during the lymph node examination?

<p>To ensure accurate palpation results (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a normal aspect of human asymmetry that should be acknowledged during facial examination?

<p>Mild asymmetry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes lymphadenopathy?

<p>Swelling and tenderness of lymph glands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition could cracking at the corners of the mouth indicate?

<p>Angular cheilitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of the lips should be observed during an oral examination?

<p>Color and consistency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is recommended for palpating lymph nodes?

<p>Using the pads of the fingertips in a gentle on/off motion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the extra oral examination help in assessing besides malignancies?

<p>Endocrine disorders (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might unexplained swelling or bruising on a patient's face indicate?

<p>Underlying health issues such as infections or trauma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of palpating for tenderness in the lymph nodes?

<p>To check for signs of a recent infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done when a patient presents with cold sores?

<p>Delay treatment until the sores resolve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor contributing to bruxism?

<p>Stress (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical position of the patient's head during a lymph node examination?

<p>Slightly forward with chin not tipped upward (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions should be noted during an exam of the eyes?

<p>Thyroid problems and infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Extra Oral Examination

A part of a patient's initial assessment to find hidden or undiagnosed conditions like cancers, endocrine issues, or heart risk factors.

Upper Face Examination

Checking the forehead, eyes, cheeks, and upper nose for abnormalities during a patient's extra-oral assessment.

Lower Face Examination

Assessing the lower nose, lips, chin, and overall facial symmetry to identify potential issues.

Neck Lymph Node Palpation

Feeling (palpating) the lymph nodes in the neck to look for swelling, tenderness, or abnormalities.

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Normal Lymph Nodes

Small, not tender, and mobile.

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Abnormal Lymph Nodes

Large, fixed, and often tender.

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Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)

The joint connecting the jaw to the skull.

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Lymph Node Exam Position

Stand behind the patient to properly assess and reassure them.

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Palpation Technique

Using the pads of the fingers, check for swelling and tenderness in a gentle, alternating on/off motion.

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Proper Patient Positioning

The patient's head should be slightly forward with the chin neutral to avoid distortion.

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TMJ (Temporomandibular Joint)

The joint between the mandible (lower jaw) and the temporal bone (skull).

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Bruxism

Teeth grinding, often caused by stress.

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TMJ pain causes

Bruxism, stress, and other issues can lead to pain and difficulty opening the mouth.

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TMJ examination

Palpating both sides of the joint, and assessing movement while opening and closing the mouth.

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Facial Asymmetry

Significant deviations from a normal face shape.

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Facial Asymmetry causes

Past trauma, surgery, stroke (CVA), infections, or nerve damage.

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Angular Cheilitis

Cracked corners of the mouth.

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Angular Cheilitis causes

Possible fungal infections or other conditions causing inflammation and irritation.

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Herpes Labialis

Cold sores, should not be treated by dentists.

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Eye Examination

Look for abnormalities to consider potential medical conditions, thyroid problems, or medications

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Cold Sore

A lesion caused by Herpes Simplex Virus; dormant in nerve cells, but activated by conditions.

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Suspicion of lesion

Any unexplained sore or unusual mark on the lips should be noted and checked for possible signs of cancer.

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Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)

Cancerous lesion on the lip; may appear as a sore, ulcer, or patch that doesn't heal.

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Lip Examination

Careful inspection of the lips for abnormalities and suspicious lesions.

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Lymph Node Exam

Checking neck lymph nodes for swelling, tenderness, or abnormalities.

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TMJ Function

Evaluating the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) for proper function and abnormalities.

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Patient History

Gathering information from the patient about any symptoms or issues, as well as a possible explanation for a finding.

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Facial Examination

A thorough inspection of the face, lips, eyes, and general appearance, noting anything unusual or abnormal.

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Abnormal Lesion

A lesion that deviates from normal, may be a warning sign.

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Referral

When a potentially serious issue is suspected, a referral is needed to a specialist.

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Study Notes

Extra Oral Examination

  • Aim: To understand the relevance of extra oral examination in clinical practice.
  • Intended Learning Outcomes:
    • Explain the relevance and importance of the extra oral examination for the patient.
    • Identify areas of particular importance related to the extra oral examination.
    • Explore the techniques and observations needed for a thorough and effective extra oral examination.
  • Extra Oral Examination Definition: Part of the general initial assessment of the patient. Used to identify undiscovered or undiagnosed conditions including malignancies, endocrine disorders, and indications of cardiovascular risk.
  • Areas of Examination (Upper Face):
    • Forehead
    • Eyes
    • Cheeks/cheekbones
    • Upper part of nose
  • Areas of Examination (Lower Face):
    • Lower part of nose
    • Lips
    • Chin
    • General symmetry
  • Neck Area Examination:
    • Look for abnormalities, swellings, lumps, or tenderness in lymph nodes.
    • Use palpation (feeling) for swelling, tenderness, and lymph gland enlargement.
    • Lymphadenopathy: Disease of lymph glands, often recognized as swelling and tenderness.
  • Lymph Node Characteristics:
    • Normal nodes are small (pea-sized), not tender, and usually mobile.
    • Abnormal nodes are often fixed and tender to touch.
    • Detailed notes should be taken regarding size, location, and consistency for any abnormality.
  • Lymph Node Palpation Technique:
    • Stand behind the patient.
    • Ensure the patient is relaxed.
    • Position the patient's head slightly forward, ensuring the chin is not tipped upward.
    • Use the pads of the fingertips in an on/off motion.
  • Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ):
    • Formed by the mandible and temporal bone.
    • Composed of capsules and ligaments.
    • Responsible for jaw movement (eating, talking, etc).
    • Very common for problems to occur, potentially causing pain and difficulty opening.
    • A common cause of TMJ pain and dysfunction is bruxism.
  • Bruxism (Teeth Grinding): Often caused by stress, leading to pain and stiffness when opening the mouth, headaches, neck aches, and other intra oral problems.
  • TMJ Examination:
    • Palpate both sides of the TMJ.
    • Ask the patient to open and close their mouth.
    • Observe for tenderness, pain, deviation to one side, or clicking.
  • Facial Symmetry:
    • Examine for deviations from normal.
    • Significant asymmetries should be noted and discussed with the patient.
    • Causes may include previous trauma, surgery, CVA’s, infections, nerve paralysis, etc.
    • Look for unexplained swelling, bruising, pallor, or excessive sweating.
  • Eye Examination: Assess for any abnormalities and discuss with the patient.
  • Lip Examination: Check for moisture, chapped areas, and cracking at the corners of the mouth.
  • Conditions of the Lips:
    • Angular Cheilitis: Cracking at the mouth corners, inflamed, red, and sore. Potential causes include fungal infections.
    • Herpes Labialis (Cold Sores): Caused by Herpes Simplex Virus. May present one or multiple lesions near the lips.
    • Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC): A malignant lip lesion, often presenting as a sore, ulcer, blister, or red/white patch that doesn't heal. Suspected cases need urgent referral.
  • General Notes: Take short notes on the parts of the face, as listed on slides 33 and 34. Research the conditions that may appear on the lips.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the significance of conducting an extra oral examination in clinical practice. It covers essential techniques and observations for assessing the upper and lower face, as well as the neck area. Enhance your understanding of identifying potential health issues through thorough examinations.

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