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Questions and Answers
What reactivates the Herpes Simplex Virus leading to cold sores?
What reactivates the Herpes Simplex Virus leading to cold sores?
Why should a patient with a cold sore not be treated until it has completely healed?
Why should a patient with a cold sore not be treated until it has completely healed?
Which of the following features indicates a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) on the lip?
Which of the following features indicates a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) on the lip?
What symptom might be associated with squamous cell carcinoma on the lip?
What symptom might be associated with squamous cell carcinoma on the lip?
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What is a key action when suspecting squamous cell carcinoma?
What is a key action when suspecting squamous cell carcinoma?
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Which areas should be examined closely for abnormalities during an oral extra-oral exam?
Which areas should be examined closely for abnormalities during an oral extra-oral exam?
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What additional areas should be checked for abnormalities in conjunction with the lips?
What additional areas should be checked for abnormalities in conjunction with the lips?
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What important information should be gathered from the patient during an examination?
What important information should be gathered from the patient during an examination?
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What is a potential outcome of a lesion that takes a long time to heal?
What is a potential outcome of a lesion that takes a long time to heal?
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What should be noted about any suspicious lesion on or near the lips?
What should be noted about any suspicious lesion on or near the lips?
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What is the primary aim of conducting an extra oral examination?
What is the primary aim of conducting an extra oral examination?
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What structure is primarily responsible for the movement of the jaw?
What structure is primarily responsible for the movement of the jaw?
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Which areas are included in the examination of the upper face?
Which areas are included in the examination of the upper face?
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What is a normal characteristic of healthy lymph nodes during an examination?
What is a normal characteristic of healthy lymph nodes during an examination?
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What is a common cause of pain and dysfunction in the TMJ?
What is a common cause of pain and dysfunction in the TMJ?
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What should be noted if an abnormality is detected during the examination?
What should be noted if an abnormality is detected during the examination?
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During a TMJ examination, what symptom might indicate a problem?
During a TMJ examination, what symptom might indicate a problem?
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Why is it important for the patient to be relaxed during the lymph node examination?
Why is it important for the patient to be relaxed during the lymph node examination?
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What is a normal aspect of human asymmetry that should be acknowledged during facial examination?
What is a normal aspect of human asymmetry that should be acknowledged during facial examination?
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Which of the following describes lymphadenopathy?
Which of the following describes lymphadenopathy?
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What condition could cracking at the corners of the mouth indicate?
What condition could cracking at the corners of the mouth indicate?
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What characteristic of the lips should be observed during an oral examination?
What characteristic of the lips should be observed during an oral examination?
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Which technique is recommended for palpating lymph nodes?
Which technique is recommended for palpating lymph nodes?
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What does the extra oral examination help in assessing besides malignancies?
What does the extra oral examination help in assessing besides malignancies?
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What might unexplained swelling or bruising on a patient's face indicate?
What might unexplained swelling or bruising on a patient's face indicate?
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What is the significance of palpating for tenderness in the lymph nodes?
What is the significance of palpating for tenderness in the lymph nodes?
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What should be done when a patient presents with cold sores?
What should be done when a patient presents with cold sores?
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What is the primary factor contributing to bruxism?
What is the primary factor contributing to bruxism?
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What is the typical position of the patient's head during a lymph node examination?
What is the typical position of the patient's head during a lymph node examination?
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Which of the following conditions should be noted during an exam of the eyes?
Which of the following conditions should be noted during an exam of the eyes?
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Study Notes
Extra Oral Examination
- Aim: To understand the relevance of extra oral examination in clinical practice.
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Intended Learning Outcomes:
- Explain the relevance and importance of the extra oral examination for the patient.
- Identify areas of particular importance related to the extra oral examination.
- Explore the techniques and observations needed for a thorough and effective extra oral examination.
- Extra Oral Examination Definition: Part of the general initial assessment of the patient. Used to identify undiscovered or undiagnosed conditions including malignancies, endocrine disorders, and indications of cardiovascular risk.
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Areas of Examination (Upper Face):
- Forehead
- Eyes
- Cheeks/cheekbones
- Upper part of nose
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Areas of Examination (Lower Face):
- Lower part of nose
- Lips
- Chin
- General symmetry
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Neck Area Examination:
- Look for abnormalities, swellings, lumps, or tenderness in lymph nodes.
- Use palpation (feeling) for swelling, tenderness, and lymph gland enlargement.
- Lymphadenopathy: Disease of lymph glands, often recognized as swelling and tenderness.
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Lymph Node Characteristics:
- Normal nodes are small (pea-sized), not tender, and usually mobile.
- Abnormal nodes are often fixed and tender to touch.
- Detailed notes should be taken regarding size, location, and consistency for any abnormality.
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Lymph Node Palpation Technique:
- Stand behind the patient.
- Ensure the patient is relaxed.
- Position the patient's head slightly forward, ensuring the chin is not tipped upward.
- Use the pads of the fingertips in an on/off motion.
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Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ):
- Formed by the mandible and temporal bone.
- Composed of capsules and ligaments.
- Responsible for jaw movement (eating, talking, etc).
- Very common for problems to occur, potentially causing pain and difficulty opening.
- A common cause of TMJ pain and dysfunction is bruxism.
- Bruxism (Teeth Grinding): Often caused by stress, leading to pain and stiffness when opening the mouth, headaches, neck aches, and other intra oral problems.
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TMJ Examination:
- Palpate both sides of the TMJ.
- Ask the patient to open and close their mouth.
- Observe for tenderness, pain, deviation to one side, or clicking.
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Facial Symmetry:
- Examine for deviations from normal.
- Significant asymmetries should be noted and discussed with the patient.
- Causes may include previous trauma, surgery, CVA’s, infections, nerve paralysis, etc.
- Look for unexplained swelling, bruising, pallor, or excessive sweating.
- Eye Examination: Assess for any abnormalities and discuss with the patient.
- Lip Examination: Check for moisture, chapped areas, and cracking at the corners of the mouth.
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Conditions of the Lips:
- Angular Cheilitis: Cracking at the mouth corners, inflamed, red, and sore. Potential causes include fungal infections.
- Herpes Labialis (Cold Sores): Caused by Herpes Simplex Virus. May present one or multiple lesions near the lips.
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC): A malignant lip lesion, often presenting as a sore, ulcer, blister, or red/white patch that doesn't heal. Suspected cases need urgent referral.
- General Notes: Take short notes on the parts of the face, as listed on slides 33 and 34. Research the conditions that may appear on the lips.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the significance of conducting an extra oral examination in clinical practice. It covers essential techniques and observations for assessing the upper and lower face, as well as the neck area. Enhance your understanding of identifying potential health issues through thorough examinations.
