Extinction
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Questions and Answers

What characterizes a complicated ecosystem compared to a simple ecosystem?

  • It has a large number of members and many alternatives. (correct)
  • It has a limited number of species.
  • It is usually less stable than simple ecosystems.
  • It is highly dependent on specific species.

Why are natural protectorates important for endangered species?

  • They are meant to bring species into urban areas.
  • They provide suitable conditions for growth and reproduction. (correct)
  • They completely isolate species from their natural environment.
  • They eliminate all potential threats to the species.

Which of the following is NOT a method to protect endangered species?

  • Regulating hunting laws for rare organisms.
  • Creating habitats for species in urban settings. (correct)
  • Establishing gene banks for endangered species.
  • Increasing public awareness about natural life.

How does a simple ecosystem respond to the absence of one of its species?

<p>It is greatly affected because of fewer alternatives. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of a simple ecosystem?

<p>It involves a few members of organism species. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of extinction?

<p>The complete disappearance of individuals in a species. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT considered a reason for macro extinctions in old ages?

<p>Environmental pollution caused by humans. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a reason for recent extinctions?

<p>Destruction of natural habitats. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is an example of an extinct species from ancient times?

<p>Mammoth. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which species is protected within the Yellowstone protectorate?

<p>Grey hear (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of marine life does the Ras Mohamed protectorate mainly protect?

<p>Rare species of coral reefs and colored fish (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do fossil records play in understanding extinction?

<p>They identify the types of living organisms from different ages. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protectorate is known for containing complete whales' skeleton fossils?

<p>Wadi El-Raiyan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of how human activities have contributed to extinction?

<p>Oil pollution killing marine birds. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main factors causing recent extinction?

<p>Destroying natural habitat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the dodo bird?

<p>A non-flying bird species now extinct. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a recently extinct species?

<p>Dodo bird (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one implication of continuous decrease in species numbers?

<p>It can result in complete extinction of that species. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the total area of Egypt is comprised of natural protectorates as of 2012?

<p>15% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these factors has NOT contributed to macro extinctions?

<p>Environmental pollution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which species is considered endangered?

<p>Barbary sheep (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of species extinction in a balanced ecosystem?

<p>It creates a cavity in the path of energy affecting ecosystem equilibrium. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organisms is considered a producer in the food chain?

<p>Green plant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the food chain when frogs are removed from the ecosystem?

<p>Snakes die due to starvation and locust populations surge. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these species is categorized as an endangered species mentioned?

<p>Bald eagle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a simple ecosystem?

<p>It consists of few members and is strongly affected by species loss. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the absence of snakes, which population is likely to increase?

<p>Locusts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which species serves as a link in the food chain described?

<p>Frog (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the Ibis bird contribute to Egyptian ecosystems?

<p>It plays a role in the food chain as a consumer. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Extinction

The complete disappearance of all members of a species from Earth.

How does extinction happen?

The continuous decrease of a species' population without renewal, leading to its complete disappearance.

Fossil record

The preserved remains of ancient organisms found in rock layers.

Macro extinctions

Massive extinction events that wiped out many species in a short period of time.

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Habitat destruction

The destruction of natural habitats, like cutting down forests, directly affecting the survival of species.

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Overhunting

Excessive hunting or fishing, pushing populations beyond their capacity to recover.

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Recent extinction

The extinction of species in recent times, often caused by human activities.

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Climatic changes

Changes in the environment caused by humans or natural disasters, impacting species survival.

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Complicated ecosystem

An ecosystem with many different species and where the removal of one species doesn't significantly impact the overall system.

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Simple ecosystem

Ecosystems with a few species, highly vulnerable to the loss of any one species.

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Natural protectorate

Protecting endangered species in their natural habitat through designated safe areas.

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Species reintroduction

Breeding endangered species in controlled environments and reintroducing them to their original habitat.

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Gene bank

Collecting and preserving genetic material of endangered species to safeguard their DNA.

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Food chain

A pathway of energy transfer between living organisms in an ecosystem, starting from producers and going to consumers.

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Food web

A complex network of interconnected food chains within an ecosystem.

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Ecological disturbance

The process where the absence of one species in an ecosystem disrupts the energy flow and balance, affecting the survival of other species.

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Impact of extinction

An ecosystem where a species extinction has a high impact, potentially causing significant changes in the ecosystem's balance.

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Ecosystem stability

The ability of an ecosystem to resist disturbance and maintain its balance.

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Taxonomic group

A group of species with a close relationship, sharing a common ancestor.

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Protectorate

A protected area where specific plant and animal species are safeguarded.

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Endangered species

Species that are at a high risk of becoming extinct if nothing is done to protect them.

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Extinct species

Species that are no longer found anywhere in the world, like the dodo bird.

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Study Notes

Extinction

  • Extinction is the continuous decline in the number of a species, without compensation, until the species dies out.
  • It signifies the disappearance of all members of a species.
  • Fossil records trace the sequence of extinct species and living organisms that existed on Earth millions of years ago in sedimentary rock layers.
  • Fossil records show the different types of organisms that lived in different ages of Earth's history.

Causes of Extinction

  • Ancient Causes (Macro Extinctions): Meteorite impacts, Earth's violent movements, long ice ages, and volcanic eruptions.
  • Modern Causes (Recent Extinctions): Natural habitat destruction, overhunting, environmental pollution, and climate change/natural disasters.
  • Extinction events cause disturbances in an ecosystem.

Endangered Species

  • Thousands of species face extinction.
  • Several examples include pandas, rhinos, ibises, bald eagles, Barbary sheep, and papyrus plants.

Food Chain and Food Webs

  • A food chain shows the energy flow from one organism to another in an ecosystem.
  • Organisms play roles as producers (e.g., plants), first-level consumers (e.g., locusts), second-level consumers (e.g., frogs), third-level consumers (e.g., snakes), and top-level consumers (e.g., owls).
  • A food web is a network of interconnected food chains.
  • The absence of a species in a food web affects other members of the ecosystem.

Ecosystems

  • Ecosystems are classified based on their response to species extinction.
  • Simple Ecosystems: Composed of a few organisms, significantly affected by the loss of a single species.
  • Complex Ecosystems: Contains many species, less affected by the loss of a species. There are often alternative organisms to perform the roles of the extinct species.
  • Examples include deserts and tropical forests.

Natural Protectorates

  • Natural protectorates are protected areas where endangered species can thrive.
  • These protected areas protect endangered species from their natural enemies.
  • Examples include Yellowstone, Panda, Ras Mohamed and Wadi El-Hetan.

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