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nation’s external goals and the techniques and strategies used to achieve them
nation’s external goals and the techniques and strategies used to achieve them
Foreign policy
total process by which states carry on political relations with each other; settling conflicts among nations by peaceful means
total process by which states carry on political relations with each other; settling conflicts among nations by peaceful means
Diplomacy
assistance to other nations in the form of grants, loans, or credits to buy American products
assistance to other nations in the form of grants, loans, or credits to buy American products
Economic aid
sending experts with technical skills in agriculture, engineering, or business to aid other nations
sending experts with technical skills in agriculture, engineering, or business to aid other nations
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the steps by which external goals are decided and acted on
the steps by which external goals are decided and acted on
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foreign and domestic policy designed to protect the independence and political and economic integrity of the United States; policy that is concerned with the safety and defense of nation
foreign and domestic policy designed to protect the independence and political and economic integrity of the United States; policy that is concerned with the safety and defense of nation
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board to advise the president on matters of national security
board to advise the president on matters of national security
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preserve, protect, and defend the constitution of the US”
preserve, protect, and defend the constitution of the US”
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been involved in wars
been involved in wars
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Power to make treaties, provided that 2/3 of the senators present concur - a binding international obligations made between chiefs of state without legislative sanction
Power to make treaties, provided that 2/3 of the senators present concur - a binding international obligations made between chiefs of state without legislative sanction
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power to recognize foreign governments through receiving their
power to recognize foreign governments through receiving their
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a.supervises relations with other countries
b.ambassadors and diplomatic corps but set aside in case of more important concerns
a.supervises relations with other countries b.ambassadors and diplomatic corps but set aside in case of more important concerns
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advise the president on information on the integration of domestic, foreign, and military policies relating to the national security
b.provide policy continuity from one administration to the next
c.composition: president, vice president, secretaries of state and defense, director of emergency planning, and often the chair of the joint chiefs of staff and the director of the CIA
d.used in just anyway the president wants to use it
e.national security adviser is to advise the president
advise the president on information on the integration of domestic, foreign, and military policies relating to the national security b.provide policy continuity from one administration to the next c.composition: president, vice president, secretaries of state and defense, director of emergency planning, and often the chair of the joint chiefs of staff and the director of the CIA d.used in just anyway the president wants to use it e.national security adviser is to advise the president
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government agencies involved in gathering information about the capabilities and intentions of foreign governments and engaging in covert activities to further American foreign policy aims
government agencies involved in gathering information about the capabilities and intentions of foreign governments and engaging in covert activities to further American foreign policy aims
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overt information gathering as well as covert actions; covertly aided in the overthrow of foreign leaders; found in the 1970s to be routinely spying on American citizens domestically; from military to economic intelligence; used the US Information Agency particularly its Voice of America to spread information and propaganda throughout the world on behalf of the American government and from an American point of View
overt information gathering as well as covert actions; covertly aided in the overthrow of foreign leaders; found in the 1970s to be routinely spying on American citizens domestically; from military to economic intelligence; used the US Information Agency particularly its Voice of America to spread information and propaganda throughout the world on behalf of the American government and from an American point of View
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bring all of the activities of the American military establishment under the jurisdiction of a single department headed by a civilian secretary of defense; Pentagon
bring all of the activities of the American military establishment under the jurisdiction of a single department headed by a civilian secretary of defense; Pentagon
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elites in American business, education, communication, labor, and religion try to influence presidential decision making through several strategies e.g., publicizing the issues, use of the media – capture the attentive public who likely transmit their opinions to the less-interested members of the public through conversation and local leadership
elites in American business, education, communication, labor, and religion try to influence presidential decision making through several strategies e.g., publicizing the issues, use of the media – capture the attentive public who likely transmit their opinions to the less-interested members of the public through conversation and local leadership
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mutually beneficial relationship between the armed forces and defense contractors; pentagon has supported a large sector of the economy through defense contracts, in addition of supplying retired army officers as key executives to large defense-contracting firms; department of defense employs almost 350 lobbyists on Capitol Hill; it maintains some 2,850 public relations representatives I the Us and in foreign countries
mutually beneficial relationship between the armed forces and defense contractors; pentagon has supported a large sector of the economy through defense contracts, in addition of supplying retired army officers as key executives to large defense-contracting firms; department of defense employs almost 350 lobbyists on Capitol Hill; it maintains some 2,850 public relations representatives I the Us and in foreign countries
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Study Notes
Foreign Policy
- Refers to the process by which states manage their relationships with other nations, including conflict resolution through peaceful means.
Foreign Aid
- Providing financial assistance to other countries in the form of grants, loans, or credits to encourage purchase of American products.
- Sending expert personnel to assist other countries in areas like agriculture, engineering, or business.
Foreign Policy Process
- The process of formulating and implementing external goals.
National Security
- A key aspect of foreign and domestic policy focused on protecting the US from external threats to its independence, political and economic integrity, safety, and defense.
National Security Council
- A council that advises the President on national security matters.
The President
- The President is responsible for conducting US foreign policy.
- Has the power to make treaties with foreign countries, subject to Senate approval with 2/3 vote.
- Has the power to recognize foreign governments by receiving their ambassadors.
State Department
- Supervises US relations with other countries.
- Includes ambassadors and the diplomatic corps.
National Security Advisor
- The President's advisor on integrating domestic, foreign, and military policies for national security.
The National Security Council (NSC)
- Provides policy continuity across different presidential administrations.
- Includes the President, Vice President, Secretaries of State and Defense, Director of Emergency Planning, and often the Chair of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Director of the CIA.
Intelligence Community
- Government agencies responsible for gathering intelligence on foreign governments and engaging in covert activities to advance American foreign policy.
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
- Conducts both overt and covert intelligence gathering activities.
- Has been involved in activities like overthrowing foreign leaders.
- Came under scrutiny in the 1970s for domestic spying on American citizens.
- Has extensive influence, spanning from military to economic intelligence.
- Utilizes the US Information Agency, including Voice of America, to disseminate information and propaganda globally from an American perspective.
Department of Defense
- Established to consolidate all military activities under a civilian secretary of defense.
- Known as the Pentagon.
Lobbying
- Elites from various sectors, including business, education, communication, labor, and religion, try to influence presidential decision-making through strategies like:
- Public awareness campaigns
- Media engagement
- Engaging the attentive public to influence less-interested citizens through discussions and local leaders.
Military Industrial Complex
- A mutually beneficial relationship between the armed forces and defense contractors.
- The Pentagon utilizes substantial defense contracts, supporting a significant portion of the economy.
- Retired military officers play key executive roles in large defense-contracting firms.
- The Department of Defense has a considerable presence in lobbying efforts, employing almost 350 lobbyists on Capitol Hill and maintaining over 2,850 public relations representatives domestically and internationally.
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American Gov
