Exponential Functions and Their Graphs
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Questions and Answers

What is the range of the function as stated?

  • (5, ∞)
  • (-∞, ∞)
  • (-∞, 5) (correct)
  • (-2, 5)

Which expression correctly represents the amount after 10 years when $4000 is compounded monthly at a 16% interest rate?

  • A = 4000(1 + 0.16/365)<sup>10*365</sup>
  • A = 4000(1 + 0.16/12)<sup>10*12</sup> (correct)
  • A = 4000(1 + 0.16/12)<sup>120</sup>
  • A = 4000(1 + 0.16/12)<sup>10</sup>

What is the approximate value of $e^3$ rounded to four decimal places?

  • 27.0
  • 20.0855 (correct)
  • 8.0
  • 121.5104

When compounded continuously, what is the amount after 10 years for an investment of $4000 at a 16% interest rate?

<p>$19800.14 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would be the result of evaluating $2^3$?

<p>8 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following rates compounded semiannually yields the highest amount after 10 years?

<p>2.5% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For the function $f(x) = a^x$, what is the name of its inverse?

<p>Logarithmic function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct formula used to calculate compound interest?

<p>A(t) = P(1 + r/n)<sup>nt</sup> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of log2 8?

<p>3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property of logarithms states that loga xn = n loga x?

<p>Power Property (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If log5 w = 2, what is the value of w?

<p>25 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of log3 27?

<p>3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does loga 1 equal for any base a?

<p>0 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If log2 3 = P and log3 2 = Q, how can you express log2 6?

<p>P + Q (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate value of log5 8 to four decimal places?

<p>1.292 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly represents the expression loga(A/B) using the Laws of Logarithms?

<p>log<sub>a</sub>A - log<sub>a</sub>B (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the horizontal asymptote of the exponential function f(x) = (½)x?

<p>y = 0 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the range of the function g(x) = 2x?

<p>(0, ∞) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the y-intercept of the function f(x) = ex?

<p>(0, 1) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the function f(x) = (3)x-1 - 1, what is the range of the function?

<p>(-1, ∞) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For the exponential function f(x) = ax, which condition defines exponential decay?

<p>0 &lt; a &lt; 1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bases is NOT commonly used for exponential functions?

<p>π (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the x-intercept of the function f(x) = (3)x-1 - 1?

<p>0 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the domain of all exponential functions?

<p>(-∞, ∞) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Exponential Growth

An exponential function where the base is greater than 1.

Exponential Decay

An exponential function where the base is between 0 and 1 (exclusive).

Horizontal Asymptote (Exponential)

A horizontal line that the graph approaches but never touches. In exponential functions, it's typically y = 0.

Natural Exponential Function

Exponential function with base 'e' (approximately 2.718).

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Exponential Function (general)

A function of the form f(x) = ax, where 'a' is a positive number not equal to 1.

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Domain of an Exponential Function

All real numbers.

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Range of an Exponential Function

All positive numbers.

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y-intercept of an Exponential Function

(0, 1).

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Logarithmic Function base a

loga x = y is equivalent to ay = x, where a > 0 and a ≠ 1

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Log base 10

Common logarithm, written as log x, and implicitly has a base of 10

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Natural Logarithm

Logarithm with base e, written as ln x

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loga 1

Equals 0.

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loga a

Equals 1.

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loga xn

Equals n loga x.

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aloga x

Equals x

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loga (A/B)

Equals loga A - loga B

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Compound Interest Formula

A(t) = P(1 + r/n)nt, where A(t) is the amount after t years, P is the principal, r is the interest rate (per year), n is the compounding frequency per year, and t is the number of years.

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Continuous Compounding

Compounding interest at every instant, represented by A = Pert, where e is Euler's number.

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Domain

The set of all possible input values (x) for a function.

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Range

The set of all possible output values (y) for a function.

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Exponential Function

A function where the variable is in the exponent, like f(x) = ax.

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Logarithmic Function

The inverse of an exponential function, where the variable is in the logarithm's argument.

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Euler's Number (e)

A mathematical constant approximately equal to 2.71828.

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Compounding Frequency (n)

The number of times interest is compounded per year.

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Study Notes

Exponential Functions and Their Graphs

  • Exponential growth/decay functions have the form f(x) = ax, where a > 0 and a ≠ 1.
  • The domain of an exponential function is all real numbers (ℝ).
  • The range of an exponential function is (0, ∞) if a > 1, or (0, ∞) if 0 < a < 1.
  • A horizontal asymptote is a line that the graph of a function approaches but never touches. The horizontal asymptote of f(x) = ax is y = 0.
  • The y-intercept of f(x) = ax is (0, 1).
  • Exponential growth occurs when a > 1 and exponential decay occurs when 0 < a < 1.

Natural Exponential Function

  • The natural exponential function is f(x) = ex, where e ≈ 2.71828.
  • It has the same properties as exponential functions with other bases, but it's often used in natural growth and decay models.

Transformations of Exponential Functions

  • Vertical shifts: f(x) = ax ± k shifts the graph vertically by k units.
  • Horizontal shifts: f(x) = ax-h shifts the graph horizontally by h units.
  • Vertical stretches/compressions: f(x) = kax stretches or compresses the graph vertically by a factor of k.
  • Reflections: f(x) = -ax reflects the graph across the x-axis.

Logarithmic Functions

  • Logarithmic functions are the inverses of exponential functions.
  • The general form is logax = y, where x > 0, a > 0, and a ≠ 1. This means ay = x.
  • The domain of a logarithmic function is (0, ∞).
  • The range of a logarithmic function is all real numbers.
  • The base-10 logarithm (log x) is also called the common logarithm.

Properties of Logarithms

  • loga 1 = 0
  • loga a = 1
  • loga (x•y) = loga x + loga y
  • loga (x/y) = loga x - loga y
  • loga xn = n loga x

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Description

This quiz explores the key concepts of exponential functions, including their forms, domains, and ranges. It also covers the natural exponential function and its applications in modeling growth and decay. Additionally, the transformations that can be applied to exponential functions are highlighted.

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