Social-Psychological Theories of Crime
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Questions and Answers

According to control theory, what is the main factor that controls crime?

  • Internal restraints
  • Emotional bonds with significant others
  • Individual's conscience
  • Social pressure and institutionalized rules (correct)

According to learning theory, how do individuals acquire criminal behaviors?

  • Through emotional bonds
  • Through inner controls
  • Through different forms of learning (correct)
  • Through external constraints

According to Reckless's containment theory, what controls crime?

  • Internal restraints
  • Individual's conscience
  • Social pressure and institutionalized rules (correct)
  • Emotional bonds with significant others

What are the subcategories of social-psychological theories of crime?

<p>Control theories and direct learning theories (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to containment theory, what factors contribute to strong inner containment?

<p>Ability to tolerate frustration and resist distractions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Hans Eysenck's version of containment theory, what role does heredity play in predisposing an individual to crime?

<p>A significant role (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Eysenck, how does socialization translate innate tendencies into criminal acts?

<p>Through differential association (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Sutherland's differential association approach, how does criminal behavior develop?

<p>Through operant conditioning and modeling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Bandura, which of the following is true about social learning theory?

<p>It assigns more importance to cognitive factors and observational learning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a social context that influences aggression, according to Bandura?

<p>Mass media (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the longitudinal study on the effects of televised violence reveal?

<p>Early exposure to violence on television predicts aggression in adulthood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential harmful effect of viewing violence on television in childhood?

<p>Desensitization to the effects of violence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Wilson and Herrnstein's multiple-component learning theory, what is an important factor in determining whether a crime is committed?

<p>The ratio of gains and losses for criminal and noncriminal behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is time discounting according to Wilson and Herrnstein?

<p>The tendency for reinforcers to lose strength the more remote they are from a behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to equity theory, how does a perception of inequity influence criminal behavior?

<p>It increases the perceived gains associated with crime (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a constitutional factor in Wilson and Herrnstein's theory of criminality?

<p>Parenting practices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor(s) contribute to the increased risk of criminal behavior in children?

<p>Biological factors, family problems, and early school experiences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why have Wilson and Hermstein faced criticism for their ideas?

<p>Their ideas ignore psychological factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main assumption of labeling theory?

<p>Deviance is created by the labels assigned by society (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential impact of being labeled a deviant?

<p>It creates a self-fulfilling prophecy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the six instigators that can prompt antisocial behavior?

<p>Self-reinforcement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major strength of social learning theory?

<p>It applies to a wide range of crimes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major limitation of social learning theory?

<p>It doesn't explain why some people fall prey to bad learning experiences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a tactic of 'self-exoneration'?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The social labeling approach primarily focuses on

<p>Understanding the difficulties offenders face in returning to society (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Primary deviance usually occurs

<p>Before secondary deviance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the social labeling approach not explain?

<p>Most criminal behavior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is more likely to be caught and 'criminalized' according to the social labeling approach?

<p>Lawbreakers living in crime-ridden neighborhoods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of behavioral differences in the social labeling approach?

<p>They exist and persist despite the names we call them (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When do many lawbreakers develop a life of crime?

<p>Before ever being apprehended (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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