Exploring the Fundamentals of Applied Geophysics

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Questions and Answers

Which type of geophysics focuses on studying the Earth by using methods of physics to deduce its physical properties?

Applied/exploration geophysics

Gravity method

Seismic methods

Pure/general geophysics (correct)

What is the main method used in petroleum exploration?

Seismic methods

Electrical surveying

Gravity method

Reflection and refraction seismology (correct)

Which field of applied geophysics involves studying ground properties and providing development plans for soil mechanics?

Geothermal reservoirs

Engineering geophysics (correct)

Exploration geophysics

Environmental geophysics

What is the purpose of environmental geophysics?

To study disposal waste sites Signup and view all the answers

Which method is commonly used in mineral exploration?

Electrical surveying Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of exploration geophysics?

Investigating specific, relatively small-scale and shallow features within the Earth's crust Signup and view all the answers

Which method in Applied Geophysics measures the variations in the strength of the gravitational field?

Gravity Signup and view all the answers

What physical properties are measured in the Seismic method?

Travel times of seismic Signup and view all the answers

Which method in Applied Geophysics is used for exploration of nonmetallic minerals?

Gravity Signup and view all the answers

What is the parameter measured in the Electric method?

Physical properties Signup and view all the answers

Which method in Applied Geophysics is used for exploration of petroleum and coal?

Electric Signup and view all the answers

What is the application of Seismic Survey?

Exploration for metallic minerals Signup and view all the answers

Which methods are suitable for an engineering site study?

Electric, Seismic, Electromagnetic, Magnet Signup and view all the answers

What does the Electromagnetic method measure?

Electrical conductivity & inductance Signup and view all the answers

Which method of geophysical survey is based on the principles of seismology and estimates the properties of the Earth's subsurface from reflected seismic waves?

Reflection Seismic Method Signup and view all the answers

Which method of geophysical survey can detect lithology and gas directly and provides images similar to geologic cross-sections?

Reflection Seismic Method Signup and view all the answers

Which method of geophysical survey utilizes refracted waves to map subsurface structure and was used extensively for oil prospecting before being replaced by the reflection method?

Refraction Seismic Method Signup and view all the answers

Which method of geophysical survey measures the gravitational field to associate variations with differences in the distribution of densities and rock types?

Gravity Method Signup and view all the answers

Which method of geophysical survey measures the local geomagnetic field produced by variations in the intensity of magnetization in rock formations?

Magnetic Method Signup and view all the answers

Which electrical method of geophysical survey provides information on formations or rock bodies that have electrical conductivity?

Induce Polarization (IP) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to Applied Geophysics

Applied geophysics involves studying the Earth's physical properties using methods of physics.

Exploration Geophysics

Focuses on exploring subsurface structures and resources such as oil, gas, minerals, and groundwater.
Uses various methods, including seismic, electrical, electromagnetic, and gravitational methods.

Petroleum Exploration

Main method used: Seismic method, which measures physical properties such as velocity, density, and elasticity of the Earth's subsurface.

Soil Mechanics

Field of applied geophysics: Engineering geophysics, which studies ground properties and provides development plans for soil mechanics.

Environmental Geophysics

Purpose: To assess and mitigate environmental hazards such as contaminant plumes, landfill sites, and buried infrastructure.

Mineral Exploration

Commonly used method: Electromagnetic method, which measures the electrical conductivity of formations or rock bodies.

Physical Properties Measurement

Seismic method: Measures velocity, density, and elasticity of the Earth's subsurface.
Electric method: Measures the electrical conductivity of formations or rock bodies.

Gravity Method

Measures variations in the strength of the gravitational field, associating variations with differences in the distribution of densities and rock types.

Electromagnetic Method

Measures the electrical conductivity of formations or rock bodies.

Seismic Survey

Application: Exploration and monitoring of subsurface structures and resources.

Engineering Site Study

Suitable methods: Seismic, electrical, and electromagnetic methods.

Geophysical Survey Methods

Seismic method: Based on the principles of seismology, estimates the properties of the Earth's subsurface from reflected seismic waves.
Electrical method: Provides information on formations or rock bodies that have electrical conductivity.
Electromagnetic method: Measures the electrical conductivity of formations or rock bodies.
Gravitational method: Measures the gravitational field to associate variations with differences in the distribution of densities and rock types.
Magnetic method: Measures the local geomagnetic field produced by variations in the intensity of magnetization in rock formations.
Refraction method: Utilizes refracted waves to map subsurface structure, and was used extensively for oil prospecting before being replaced by the reflection method.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of applied geophysics in this quiz. Explore the various methods and techniques used to investigate the Earth's physical properties and internal constitution.