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Questions and Answers
Which one of the following is NOT a type of rock that can form parent material for soil?
Which one of the following is NOT a type of rock that can form parent material for soil?
Which of the following is the ideal soil texture for growing plants?
Which of the following is the ideal soil texture for growing plants?
Which of the following is NOT a type of soil structure?
Which of the following is NOT a type of soil structure?
Which of the following is NOT a component of soil moisture?
Which of the following is NOT a component of soil moisture?
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Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects soil pH?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects soil pH?
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Which of the following is true about soil acidity and alkalinity?
Which of the following is true about soil acidity and alkalinity?
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According to the Cohesion-Tension Theory, water moves into mesophyll cells from adjacent cells with ______ water potential.
According to the Cohesion-Tension Theory, water moves into mesophyll cells from adjacent cells with ______ water potential.
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Which of the following factors contribute to the formation of soil?
Which of the following factors contribute to the formation of soil?
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What creates tension on water columns in the xylem cells?
What creates tension on water columns in the xylem cells?
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What is the composition of the solid portion of soil?
What is the composition of the solid portion of soil?
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What is the water potential of pure water?
What is the water potential of pure water?
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Which horizon of the soil profile contains most of the roots?
Which horizon of the soil profile contains most of the roots?
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What is the role of climate in soil formation?
What is the role of climate in soil formation?
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According to the Pressure-Flow Hypothesis, where does water enter the phloem?
According to the Pressure-Flow Hypothesis, where does water enter the phloem?
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What is the driving force behind fluid movement in the phloem according to the Pressure-Flow Hypothesis?
What is the driving force behind fluid movement in the phloem according to the Pressure-Flow Hypothesis?
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What is the role of living organisms in soil?
What is the role of living organisms in soil?
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What is the fifth component of soil?
What is the fifth component of soil?
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What occurs when food substances are actively removed at sink regions?
What occurs when food substances are actively removed at sink regions?
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Which of the following is a direct effect of lime application on acidic soils?
Which of the following is a direct effect of lime application on acidic soils?
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Which of the following nutrients is considered a mobile nutrient?
Which of the following nutrients is considered a mobile nutrient?
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What is the primary purpose of tillage in agriculture?
What is the primary purpose of tillage in agriculture?
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Which type of soil erosion is caused by wind?
Which type of soil erosion is caused by wind?
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What is the recommended residue coverage on the soil for reduced tillage?
What is the recommended residue coverage on the soil for reduced tillage?
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Which soil conservation method involves placing seeds directly into the previous season's crop residue?
Which soil conservation method involves placing seeds directly into the previous season's crop residue?
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Which of the following is a benefit of contour farming?
Which of the following is a benefit of contour farming?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of sediment basins?
Which of the following is NOT a function of sediment basins?
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What is the primary purpose of windbreaks?
What is the primary purpose of windbreaks?
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What is the main difference between low till and no till farming?
What is the main difference between low till and no till farming?
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What is the primary purpose of cover crops?
What is the primary purpose of cover crops?
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Which soil horizon contains the topsoil?
Which soil horizon contains the topsoil?
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Soil is formed through the interaction of climate, parent material, topography, vegetation, living organisms and time.
Soil is formed through the interaction of climate, parent material, topography, vegetation, living organisms and time.
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The solid portion of soil consists of only minerals.
The solid portion of soil consists of only minerals.
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The A horizon of the soil profile contains most of the roots.
The A horizon of the soil profile contains most of the roots.
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The B horizon is the zone of accumulation.
The B horizon is the zone of accumulation.
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Climate has no impact on the weathering of rocks.
Climate has no impact on the weathering of rocks.
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Bacteria and fungi decompose organic material in the soil.
Bacteria and fungi decompose organic material in the soil.
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Roots and other living organisms increase the rate at which minerals dissolve.
Roots and other living organisms increase the rate at which minerals dissolve.
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Small animals alter soil by their activities and by their wastes.
Small animals alter soil by their activities and by their wastes.
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Parent rocks from which soil can be formed include igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks.
Parent rocks from which soil can be formed include igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks.
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Igneous rocks are formed from the hardening of various kinds of molten rock material.
Igneous rocks are formed from the hardening of various kinds of molten rock material.
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Soil texture refers to the relative proportions of sand, silt, and clay in a soil sample.
Soil texture refers to the relative proportions of sand, silt, and clay in a soil sample.
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Cation exchange capacity (CEC) of soil is important for maintaining adequate quantities of plant available calcium, magnesium, and potassium in soils.
Cation exchange capacity (CEC) of soil is important for maintaining adequate quantities of plant available calcium, magnesium, and potassium in soils.
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True or false: Adding calcium or magnesium compounds can counteract the effects of lime application on acidic soils.
True or false: Adding calcium or magnesium compounds can counteract the effects of lime application on acidic soils.
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True or false: Lime application reduces the solubility of aluminum and iron in the soil.
True or false: Lime application reduces the solubility of aluminum and iron in the soil.
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True or false: Zinc sulfate can increase the availability of plant nutrients including iron, zinc, copper, and manganese.
True or false: Zinc sulfate can increase the availability of plant nutrients including iron, zinc, copper, and manganese.
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True or false: Immobile nutrients such as boron, calcium, and zinc are translocated from one plant part to another.
True or false: Immobile nutrients such as boron, calcium, and zinc are translocated from one plant part to another.
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True or false: Nitrogen deficiency in plants can be indicated by general yellowing of older leaves.
True or false: Nitrogen deficiency in plants can be indicated by general yellowing of older leaves.
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True or false: Conservation tillage methods leave at least 30% residue coverage on the soil.
True or false: Conservation tillage methods leave at least 30% residue coverage on the soil.
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True or false: Contour farming allows for runoff to be directed by row direction.
True or false: Contour farming allows for runoff to be directed by row direction.
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True or false: Sediment basins are ponds or basins that hold and slow runoff until the sediment has settled.
True or false: Sediment basins are ponds or basins that hold and slow runoff until the sediment has settled.
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True or false: Critical area plantings are areas that would otherwise be eroding and should be covered in vegetation.
True or false: Critical area plantings are areas that would otherwise be eroding and should be covered in vegetation.
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True or false: Windbreaks provide multiple benefits including crop protection, water conservation, and wildlife habitat.
True or false: Windbreaks provide multiple benefits including crop protection, water conservation, and wildlife habitat.
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True or false: No till farming involves planting crops directly into standing stubble without plowing or cultivating.
True or false: No till farming involves planting crops directly into standing stubble without plowing or cultivating.
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True or false: Clay soils have smaller pores but greater pore space and therefore greater water holding capacity compared to sandy soils.
True or false: Clay soils have smaller pores but greater pore space and therefore greater water holding capacity compared to sandy soils.
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The Cohesion-Tension Theory explains how water moves through xylem cells in plants.
The Cohesion-Tension Theory explains how water moves through xylem cells in plants.
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Water moves into mesophyll cells from adjacent cells with lower water potential.
Water moves into mesophyll cells from adjacent cells with lower water potential.
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The movement of sugars in plants is primarily through the xylem.
The movement of sugars in plants is primarily through the xylem.
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The Pressure-Flow Hypothesis suggests that organic solutes flow from sources to sinks in the phloem.
The Pressure-Flow Hypothesis suggests that organic solutes flow from sources to sinks in the phloem.
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Turgor pressure is responsible for driving fluid through the sieve tubes in the phloem.
Turgor pressure is responsible for driving fluid through the sieve tubes in the phloem.
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Water diffuses back into the xylem from the phloem.
Water diffuses back into the xylem from the phloem.
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Study Notes
Soil Formation and Composition
- Soil is formed through the interaction of climate, parent material, topography, vegetation, living organisms, and time.
- The solid portion of soil consists of minerals, organic matter, water, and air.
- Parent rocks from which soil can be formed include igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks.
- Igneous rocks are formed from the hardening of various kinds of molten rock material.
Soil Structure and Texture
- Soil texture refers to the relative proportions of sand, silt, and clay in a soil sample.
- Clay soils have smaller pores but greater pore space and therefore greater water holding capacity compared to sandy soils.
Soil Moisture and Water Potential
- The water potential of pure water is 0.
- Water moves into mesophyll cells from adjacent cells with higher water potential.
- Water diffuses back into the xylem from the phloem.
Soil pH and Acidity
- Lime application can counteract the effects of acidic soils and reduce the solubility of aluminum and iron in the soil.
- Adding calcium or magnesium compounds can counteract the effects of lime application on acidic soils.
Soil Conservation and Management
- Conservation tillage methods leave at least 30% residue coverage on the soil.
- Contour farming allows for runoff to be directed by row direction and reduces soil erosion.
- Windbreaks provide multiple benefits including crop protection, water conservation, and wildlife habitat.
- Critical area plantings are areas that would otherwise be eroding and should be covered in vegetation.
- No till farming involves planting crops directly into standing stubble without plowing or cultivating.
- The primary purpose of cover crops is to reduce soil erosion and add organic matter to the soil.
Plant Nutrition and Transport
- The Cohesion-Tension Theory explains how water moves through xylem cells in plants.
- The Pressure-Flow Hypothesis suggests that organic solutes flow from sources to sinks in the phloem.
- Turgor pressure is responsible for driving fluid through the sieve tubes in the phloem.
- Nitrogen deficiency in plants can be indicated by general yellowing of older leaves.
Soil Erosion and Conservation
- Soil erosion can be caused by wind or water.
- The recommended residue coverage on the soil for reduced tillage is at least 30%.
- Sediment basins are ponds or basins that hold and slow runoff until the sediment has settled.
- True or false: Sediment basins are ponds or basins that hold and slow runoff until the sediment has settled.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the effects of lime application on acidic soils. Explore how the addition of calcium and magnesium compounds can counteract soil acidity and increase nutrient availability. Learn about the direct and indirect effects of lime application, including the reduction in H+ concentration and the decrease in solubility of certain elements. Discover alternative methods such as sulfur or sulfate compounds to lower soil pH.
