Exploring the Deep Sea: Submarines and Microbiology

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What is the name of the sub that surveyed the wreck of the Titanic in 1986?

It is not specified in the text.

Who proposed and confirmed the existence of chemosynthetic bacteria?

Microbiologist Colleen Cavanaugh

What type of organisms support higher organisms like tubeworms and deep-sea mussels?

Chemosynthetic bacteria

What is an example of a species that is an ecosystem engineer?

Thouarella variabilis Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a biogenic habitat?

Thouarella colonies Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between simple planar area and complex surface area of Thouarella colonies?

There is a positive correlation between the two: as the simple planar area increases, the complex surface area also increases. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a species that is an indicator of biodiversity?

Deep-sea nematode Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the crab that is found in deep-sea hydrothermal vents?

Kiwa tyleri, also known as the 'Hoff crab' Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Alvin submersible dive in 1977, and what did it lead to?

The Alvin submersible dive in 1977 led to the discovery of deep-sea hydrothermal vents and chemotrophic life. Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the expedition that took place in 1872, which revealed that the deep sea is not devoid of life?

The Challenger voyage Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the process by which organisms thrive in deep-sea environments, particularly in areas surrounding hydrothermal vents?

Chemosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the deepest point in the ocean, and what was the year of the first recorded dive to this location?

The Challenger Deep, located in the Mariana Trench, and the first recorded dive was in 1960. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the interaction between the pelagic (water column) and benthic (seafloor) ecosystems in the deep sea?

Pelagic-benthic coupling Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the deep-sea ecosystem characterized by unique organisms that thrive in the absence of sunlight, and what is the primary source of energy for these organisms?

Hadal trench ecosystems, and the primary source of energy is chemosynthesis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique feature of the South West Indian Ridge, near South Africa's Marion Island, that makes it a biodiversity hotspot?

Its unique habitat and topographic barrier. Signup and view all the answers

What are the four main factors that influence the ecological significance of seafloor features, such as ridges, plateaus, and troughs?

Substratum types, stability, sediment movement/suspension, and interaction with oceanography. Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of hadal trenches that enables them to support unique habitats and life forms?

They form at tectonic subduction zones and have a bottom that covers only 1% of the surface area. Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique adaptation of organisms that live in hadal trenches, which enables them to survive in these environments?

They have proteins and biomolecules that resist intense hydrostatic pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the discovery of chemosynthesis in the late 1970s, and what role did Alvin and the ANGUS tow cam play in this discovery?

The discovery of chemosynthesis revealed that life can thrive in the absence of sunlight, and Alvin and the ANGUS tow cam were instrumental in this discovery, as they provided the first evidence of these unique ecosystems. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the cabled observatory in Monterey Canyon, and how does it contribute to our understanding of deep-sea ecosystems?

It enables long-term and real-time experiments at 891m, providing insights into the ecological significance of seafloor features and pelagic-benthic coupling. Signup and view all the answers