20 Questions
What is the name of the sub that surveyed the wreck of the Titanic in 1986?
It is not specified in the text.
Who proposed and confirmed the existence of chemosynthetic bacteria?
Microbiologist Colleen Cavanaugh
What type of organisms support higher organisms like tubeworms and deep-sea mussels?
Chemosynthetic bacteria
What is an example of a species that is an ecosystem engineer?
Thouarella variabilis
What is an example of a biogenic habitat?
Thouarella colonies
What is the relationship between simple planar area and complex surface area of Thouarella colonies?
There is a positive correlation between the two: as the simple planar area increases, the complex surface area also increases.
What is an example of a species that is an indicator of biodiversity?
Deep-sea nematode
What is the name of the crab that is found in deep-sea hydrothermal vents?
Kiwa tyleri, also known as the 'Hoff crab'
What was the significance of the Alvin submersible dive in 1977, and what did it lead to?
The Alvin submersible dive in 1977 led to the discovery of deep-sea hydrothermal vents and chemotrophic life.
What is the name of the expedition that took place in 1872, which revealed that the deep sea is not devoid of life?
The Challenger voyage
What is the term used to describe the process by which organisms thrive in deep-sea environments, particularly in areas surrounding hydrothermal vents?
Chemosynthesis
What is the name of the deepest point in the ocean, and what was the year of the first recorded dive to this location?
The Challenger Deep, located in the Mariana Trench, and the first recorded dive was in 1960.
What is the term used to describe the interaction between the pelagic (water column) and benthic (seafloor) ecosystems in the deep sea?
Pelagic-benthic coupling
What is the name of the deep-sea ecosystem characterized by unique organisms that thrive in the absence of sunlight, and what is the primary source of energy for these organisms?
Hadal trench ecosystems, and the primary source of energy is chemosynthesis.
What is the unique feature of the South West Indian Ridge, near South Africa's Marion Island, that makes it a biodiversity hotspot?
Its unique habitat and topographic barrier.
What are the four main factors that influence the ecological significance of seafloor features, such as ridges, plateaus, and troughs?
Substratum types, stability, sediment movement/suspension, and interaction with oceanography.
What is the characteristic of hadal trenches that enables them to support unique habitats and life forms?
They form at tectonic subduction zones and have a bottom that covers only 1% of the surface area.
What is the unique adaptation of organisms that live in hadal trenches, which enables them to survive in these environments?
They have proteins and biomolecules that resist intense hydrostatic pressure.
What was the significance of the discovery of chemosynthesis in the late 1970s, and what role did Alvin and the ANGUS tow cam play in this discovery?
The discovery of chemosynthesis revealed that life can thrive in the absence of sunlight, and Alvin and the ANGUS tow cam were instrumental in this discovery, as they provided the first evidence of these unique ecosystems.
What is the significance of the cabled observatory in Monterey Canyon, and how does it contribute to our understanding of deep-sea ecosystems?
It enables long-term and real-time experiments at 891m, providing insights into the ecological significance of seafloor features and pelagic-benthic coupling.
Learn about the deep-sea submersible that explored the Titanic wreck and has been used in numerous dives. Discover how microbiologist Colleen Cavanaugh found chemosynthetic bacteria in mid-oceanic ridges and thermal vents.
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