Exploring Social Learning Theory
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Questions and Answers

According to social learning theory, how do people learn attitudes and behaviors conducive to crime?

  • Through positive reinforcement only
  • Through negative reinforcement only
  • Through both positive and negative reinforcement (correct)
  • Through imitation and reinforcement

    • What did Robert Burgess and Ronald Akers believe about criminal behavior?

  • Criminal behavior is a function of norms that are not discriminative for noncriminal behavior
  • Criminal behavior is a function of norms that are not discriminative for criminal behavior
  • Criminal behavior is a function of norms that are discriminative for criminal behavior (correct)
  • Criminal behavior is a function of norms that are discriminative for noncriminal behavior

    • How does social learning theory broaden the focus compared to differential association theory?

  • By focusing on imitation and reinforcement
  • By specifying the process of learning from other people
  • By considering individual factors that influence crime
  • By including the observation of rewards for behavior (correct)

    • According to social control theories, what is the focus of study?

    <p>Why people do not commit crimes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Walter Reckless compare criminality to?

    <p>A biological immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of containment in Reckless' theory?

    <p>Internal and external</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Travis Hirschi, what are the four components of the social bond?

    <p>Attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the power-control theory, why are girls less delinquent than boys?

    <p>Because girls have a stronger emotional bond with their mothers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the control ratio in control-balance theory used to determine?

    <p>The probability of engaging in deviance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which family type, according to power-control theory, treats their daughters more like their sons?

    <p>Egalitarian families</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used in control-balance theory for individuals with high levels of control over others?

    <p>Autonomous individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to social learning theory, how do individuals learn attitudes and behaviors conducive to crime?

    <p>Through both positive and negative reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did sociologist Robert Burgess and criminologist Ronald Akers believe about criminal behavior?

    <p>Criminal behavior is a function of norms and learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two ways in which social learning occurs, according to the text?

    <p>Imitation and observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does social control theory focus on?

    <p>Why people do not commit crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Walter Reckless, what is containment theory?

    <p>The theory that crime is a failure of control mechanisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Travis Hirschi, what are the four components of the social bond?

    <p>Attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main individual-level cause of crime, according to Hirschi and Gottfredson?

    <p>Low self-control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Hirschi and Gottfredson, the lack of self-control is a result of

    <p>Parental emotional investment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the power-control theory, why are girls less delinquent than boys?

    <p>Girls are more emotionally bonded with their mothers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to control-balance theory, what is the term used for individuals with high levels of control over others?

    <p>Control surplus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to social learning theory, how do people learn attitudes and behaviors conducive to crime?

    <p>Through differential association</p> Signup and view all the answers

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