Exploring Restricted Codes in Communication

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According to William Labov, what was the main flaw of Project Head Start?

It lacked the necessary resources

It failed to transform working-class parents into middle-class parents

It was based on the idea of cultural deprivation

It focused too much on repairing the school (correct)

According to Sharon Gewirtz, what was the aim of EAZs?

To eradicate cultural difference

To transform working-class parents into middle-class parents (correct)

To focus on repairing the school

To provide resources for working-class parents

What is Geoff Whitty's criticism of EAZs?

They focus too much on repairing the school

They place a higher value on working-class culture

They are based on the idea of cultural deprivation (correct)

They lack the necessary resources

According to Douglas, which social class had the highest percentage of students leaving secondary school in their fifth year?

Lower working class Signup and view all the answers

According to Douglas, what was the single most important factor related to educational attainment?

Degree of parents' interest in their children's education Signup and view all the answers

According to Blackstone and Mortimore, what is one possible reason why working-class parents may visit school less frequently?

They have less time due to job demands Signup and view all the answers

According to Bernstein, what are the two forms of speech pattern he identified?

Restricted code and elaborated code Signup and view all the answers

Compensatory education programs were introduced in which country in the late 1960s?

Britain Signup and view all the answers

What was the conclusion of the large-scale evaluation of Project Head Start?

It produced no long-term beneficial results. Signup and view all the answers

Why do some argue that compensatory education programs have failed?

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

What is the aim of the national compensatory education program in Portugal?

To reduce the gap in academic performance between schools in deprived areas and those in more privileged areas. Signup and view all the answers

According to Herbert H. Hyman, what is one difference between the working-class and middle-class value systems?

Working-class values place a lower value on education Signup and view all the answers

According to Barry Sugarman, what is one characteristic of the working-class subculture that may contribute to class differences in educational attainment?

Working-class subculture emphasizes immediate gratification Signup and view all the answers

What is one criticism of the concept of class subcultures?

Working-class subculture is a response to mainstream culture Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of J.W.B. Douglas' longitudinal study?

To follow the educational careers of British children born in 1946 Signup and view all the answers

Cultural deprivation theory suggests that the subculture of low-income groups is deprived of factors that are necessary for high educational attainment. This theory argues that the culturally deprived child lacks the language and reasoning skills needed for intellectual tasks, as well as important attitudes and values required for educational success. However, cultural deprivation theory has been strongly criticized.

Cultural deprivation theory claims that low-income groups lack the language and reasoning skills needed for intellectual tasks. Signup and view all the answers

Bourdieu's ideas of cultural, social, and economic capital have been used to explain class differences in educational achievement. These ideas suggest that those at the top have an advantage in the education system due to their possession of cultural, social, and economic capital.

Bourdieu's ideas suggest that those at the top have an advantage in the education system. Signup and view all the answers

Norms and values of a social class's subculture can affect performance in the education system. Norms are guides to appropriate behavior in particular situations, while values are beliefs that something is important and worthwhile.

According to the text, norms and values of a social class's subculture can affect performance in the education system. Signup and view all the answers

According to Bernstein, the restricted code is limited to dealing with objects, events, and relationships that are familiar to those communicating.

The restricted code is limited to dealing with specific social contexts. Signup and view all the answers

According to Bernstein, the elaborated code explicitly verbalizes many of the meanings that are taken for granted in a restricted code.

The elaborated code verbalizes the meanings taken for granted in a restricted code. Signup and view all the answers

According to Bernstein, the restricted code reduces the chances of working-class students successfully acquiring some of the skills demanded by the education system.

The restricted code enhances the chances of working-class students successfully acquiring the skills demanded by the education system. Signup and view all the answers

According to cultural deprivation theory, the blame for educational failure is placed on the children and their families, their neighborhoods, and the subculture of their social groups.

Cultural deprivation theory places the blame for educational failure on the children and their families, their neighborhoods, and the subculture of their social groups. Signup and view all the answers

According to cultural deprivation theory, the low educational attainment of working-class students is primarily due to:

The influence of working-class subculture Signup and view all the answers

Cultural deprivation theory has been strongly criticized because:

It fails to take into account the role of material factors in educational achievement Signup and view all the answers

Bourdieu's ideas of cultural, social, and economic capital suggest that:

Equality of opportunity is impossible as long as those at the top have an advantage in the form of cultural, social, and economic capital Signup and view all the answers

According to Sharon Gewirtz, what is the main aim of EAZs?

To provide resources and re-education to transform working-class parents into middle-class parents Signup and view all the answers

What is Geoff Whitty's criticism of EAZs?

They are based on a cultural deprivation model Signup and view all the answers

According to William Labov, what is the main flaw of Project Head Start?

It is designed to repair the child rather than the school Signup and view all the answers

According to Douglas, which social class had the highest percentage of students leaving secondary school in their fifth year?

Lower working class Signup and view all the answers

What is the single most important factor related to educational attainment?

Degree of parents' interest in their children's education Signup and view all the answers

According to Tessa Blackstone and Jo Mortimore, why do working-class parents visit school less frequently?

They have less time due to the demands of their jobs Signup and view all the answers

According to Basil Bernstein, what are the two forms of speech pattern identified?

Elaborated code and restricted code Signup and view all the answers

Compensatory education programs were introduced in which country in the late 1960s?

United Kingdom Signup and view all the answers

What was the conclusion of the large-scale evaluation of Project Head Start?

It produced no long-term beneficial results. Signup and view all the answers

What is one criticism of compensatory education programs?

The programs have lacked sufficient resources. Signup and view all the answers

What was the aim of the national compensatory education program in Portugal?

To reduce the gap in academic performance between schools in deprived areas and those in more privileged areas. Signup and view all the answers

What is one limitation of restricted codes in communication?

They are not readily available to outsiders. Signup and view all the answers

According to Bernstein, what is one advantage of an elaborated code?

It fills in the detail and spells out the relationships. Signup and view all the answers

According to Bernstein, what is one disadvantage of the restricted code in education?

It reduces the chances of acquiring skills demanded by the education system. Signup and view all the answers

What is one criticism of cultural deprivation theory?

It blames educational failure on the children and their families. Signup and view all the answers

According to Herbert H. Hyman, what is one difference between the working-class and middle-class value systems?

Members of the working class place a lower value on education. Signup and view all the answers

According to Barry Sugarman, what is one characteristic of the working-class subculture that may contribute to class differences in educational attainment?

Working-class subculture emphasizes immediate gratification. Signup and view all the answers

What is one criticism of the concept of class subcultures?

Class subcultures are solely determined by mainstream culture. Signup and view all the answers

According to J.W.B. Douglas' longitudinal study, what was the single most important factor related to educational attainment?

Primary school performance Signup and view all the answers

What is cultural deprivation theory?

The theory that low-income groups lack the necessary factors for high educational attainment Signup and view all the answers

According to cultural deprivation theory, why do working-class students have low educational attainment?

They lack the language and reasoning skills needed for intellectual tasks Signup and view all the answers

What is the view that cultural factors account for class differences in educational attainment called?

Cultural deprivation theory Signup and view all the answers

According to William Labov, what was the main flaw of Project Head Start?

It focused on repairing the school rather than the child Signup and view all the answers

What is one criticism of cultural deprivation theory?

It fails to recognize the importance of cultural differences Signup and view all the answers

What is Geoff Whitty's criticism of EAZs?

They are based on cultural deprivation theory Signup and view all the answers

Compensatory education programs were introduced in which country in the late 1960s?

United Kingdom Signup and view all the answers

What was the conclusion of the large-scale evaluation of Project Head Start?

It produced no long-term beneficial results Signup and view all the answers

What is one criticism of cultural deprivation theory?

It places blame on the education system Signup and view all the answers

What is one limitation of restricted codes in communication?

They limit the ability to discuss unfamiliar topics Signup and view all the answers

According to J.W.B. Douglas' study, which social class had the highest percentage of students leaving secondary school in their fifth year?

Lower working class Signup and view all the answers

According to Tessa Blackstone and Jo Mortimore, why do working-class parents visit school less frequently?

They have less time due to job demands Signup and view all the answers

According to Basil Bernstein, what are the two forms of speech pattern he identified?

Restricted code and elaborated code Signup and view all the answers

According to cultural deprivation theory, what is one reason for the low educational attainment of working-class students?

Lack of language and reasoning skills Signup and view all the answers

According to Herbert H. Hyman, what is one difference between the working-class and middle-class value systems?

Working-class values create a self-imposed barrier to an improved position. Signup and view all the answers

According to Barry Sugarman, what is one characteristic of the working-class subculture that may contribute to class differences in educational attainment?

Working-class subculture emphasizes immediate gratification and present-time orientation. Signup and view all the answers

According to J.W.B. Douglas' longitudinal study, what was the single most important factor related to educational attainment?

Ability Signup and view all the answers

What is one criticism of the concept of class subcultures?

Class subcultures are solely determined by the circumstances of working-class life. Signup and view all the answers

According to Bernstein, what is one limitation of the restricted code in communication?

It is limited to dealing with familiar objects, events, and relationships Signup and view all the answers

According to cultural deprivation theory, what does the theory suggest about the subculture of low-income groups?

It is substandard and inadequate Signup and view all the answers

According to Nell Keddie, what does the myth of cultural deprivation largely account for?

Educational failure Signup and view all the answers

According to cultural deprivation theory, how can equality of educational opportunity become a reality?

By compensating for the deprivations and deficiencies of low-income groups Signup and view all the answers

Exploring Restricted Codes in Communication

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Questions and Answers

According to William Labov, what was the main flaw of Project Head Start?

According to Sharon Gewirtz, what was the aim of EAZs?

What is Geoff Whitty's criticism of EAZs?

According to Douglas, which social class had the highest percentage of students leaving secondary school in their fifth year?

According to Douglas, what was the single most important factor related to educational attainment?

According to Blackstone and Mortimore, what is one possible reason why working-class parents may visit school less frequently?

According to Bernstein, what are the two forms of speech pattern he identified?

Compensatory education programs were introduced in which country in the late 1960s?

What was the conclusion of the large-scale evaluation of Project Head Start?

Why do some argue that compensatory education programs have failed?

What is the aim of the national compensatory education program in Portugal?

According to Herbert H. Hyman, what is one difference between the working-class and middle-class value systems?

According to Barry Sugarman, what is one characteristic of the working-class subculture that may contribute to class differences in educational attainment?

What is one criticism of the concept of class subcultures?

What was the purpose of J.W.B. Douglas' longitudinal study?

Bourdieu's ideas of cultural, social, and economic capital have been used to explain class differences in educational achievement. These ideas suggest that those at the top have an advantage in the education system due to their possession of cultural, social, and economic capital.

Norms and values of a social class's subculture can affect performance in the education system. Norms are guides to appropriate behavior in particular situations, while values are beliefs that something is important and worthwhile.

According to Bernstein, the restricted code is limited to dealing with objects, events, and relationships that are familiar to those communicating.

According to Bernstein, the elaborated code explicitly verbalizes many of the meanings that are taken for granted in a restricted code.

According to Bernstein, the restricted code reduces the chances of working-class students successfully acquiring some of the skills demanded by the education system.

According to cultural deprivation theory, the blame for educational failure is placed on the children and their families, their neighborhoods, and the subculture of their social groups.

According to cultural deprivation theory, the low educational attainment of working-class students is primarily due to:

Cultural deprivation theory has been strongly criticized because:

Bourdieu's ideas of cultural, social, and economic capital suggest that:

According to Sharon Gewirtz, what is the main aim of EAZs?

What is Geoff Whitty's criticism of EAZs?

According to William Labov, what is the main flaw of Project Head Start?

According to Douglas, which social class had the highest percentage of students leaving secondary school in their fifth year?

What is the single most important factor related to educational attainment?

According to Tessa Blackstone and Jo Mortimore, why do working-class parents visit school less frequently?

According to Basil Bernstein, what are the two forms of speech pattern identified?

Compensatory education programs were introduced in which country in the late 1960s?

What was the conclusion of the large-scale evaluation of Project Head Start?

What is one criticism of compensatory education programs?

What was the aim of the national compensatory education program in Portugal?

What is one limitation of restricted codes in communication?

According to Bernstein, what is one advantage of an elaborated code?

According to Bernstein, what is one disadvantage of the restricted code in education?

What is one criticism of cultural deprivation theory?

According to Herbert H. Hyman, what is one difference between the working-class and middle-class value systems?

According to Barry Sugarman, what is one characteristic of the working-class subculture that may contribute to class differences in educational attainment?

What is one criticism of the concept of class subcultures?

According to J.W.B. Douglas' longitudinal study, what was the single most important factor related to educational attainment?

What is cultural deprivation theory?

According to cultural deprivation theory, why do working-class students have low educational attainment?

What is the view that cultural factors account for class differences in educational attainment called?

According to William Labov, what was the main flaw of Project Head Start?

What is one criticism of cultural deprivation theory?

What is Geoff Whitty's criticism of EAZs?

Compensatory education programs were introduced in which country in the late 1960s?

What was the conclusion of the large-scale evaluation of Project Head Start?

What is one criticism of cultural deprivation theory?

What is one limitation of restricted codes in communication?

According to J.W.B. Douglas' study, which social class had the highest percentage of students leaving secondary school in their fifth year?

According to Tessa Blackstone and Jo Mortimore, why do working-class parents visit school less frequently?

According to Basil Bernstein, what are the two forms of speech pattern he identified?

According to cultural deprivation theory, what is one reason for the low educational attainment of working-class students?

According to Herbert H. Hyman, what is one difference between the working-class and middle-class value systems?

According to Barry Sugarman, what is one characteristic of the working-class subculture that may contribute to class differences in educational attainment?

According to J.W.B. Douglas' longitudinal study, what was the single most important factor related to educational attainment?

What is one criticism of the concept of class subcultures?

According to Bernstein, what is one limitation of the restricted code in communication?

According to cultural deprivation theory, what does the theory suggest about the subculture of low-income groups?

According to Nell Keddie, what does the myth of cultural deprivation largely account for?

According to cultural deprivation theory, how can equality of educational opportunity become a reality?

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