Exploring Postmodern Theories

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Questions and Answers

What type of essay does Zoey Young Montgomerie claim to be writing?

  • Universal essay
  • Academic essay
  • Manifesto (correct)
  • Analytical essay

Montgomerie believes that the essay will be universally understood.

False (B)

Which theorists' work is fundamental to Montgomerie's essay?

Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari

This essay is described as _____ and confrontational rhetoric.

<p>auto theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms to their corresponding descriptions:

<p>Rhizome = A non-hierarchical conceptual framework Schizoanalysis = An approach to analyzing subconscious desire Becoming = The process of change in identity Queer = A question regarding norms and identities</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Montgomerie use to support her arguments?

<p>A range of sources and common knowledge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do people prefer instead of facing the upheaval of becoming sea animals?

<p>Staying on land (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Montgomerie avoids altering quotes from her sources to maintain their integrity.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Montgomerie imply by stating 'As I become you and you become me'?

<p>The interconnectedness of identities and perspectives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The abandonment of belief in universal truth leads to a clear criterion for evaluating different interpretations of reality.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what does religion offer that science does not?

<p>Meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

The era we are entering is referred to as the ERA OF __________.

<p>CROWDS</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the thinkers with their contributions:

<p>Gustave Le Bon = Crowd psychology and the power of the masses Keiji Nishitani = Self-overcoming of nihilism Karl Marx = Critique of Hegel's philosophy Stanley J. Grenz = Postmodernism and its principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distraction do people create to avoid facing the truth?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The power of the crowd is decreasing according to the thinkers mentioned.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are we replacing God with, as mentioned in the content?

<p>Consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'to be other' imply according to the content?

<p>Being multiple and lacking clear boundaries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The content suggests that individuals are fully aware of themselves.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what do we reflect as we reflect?

<p>Our Self</p> Signup and view all the answers

What metaphor does the author use to describe gender in relation to oppression?

<p>A machine (B), A tool (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Afraid of sudden _____ and looming shadows.

<p>disappearances</p> Signup and view all the answers

The author believes that identifying as a woman helps individuals escape predefined stereotypes.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms with their context in the content:

<p>Contagion = Spreading without boundaries Sea monsters = Representing the unknown Cyborgs = Blending of self and technology Apocalypse = A shadow over life experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the author suggest must happen to avoid misidentification?

<p>Engage in trickster behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What recurring theme does the author suggest through their use of the word 'glitch'?

<p>Disruption of societal norms about gender.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What metaphor is used to describe the nature of the self?

<p>A fish in water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The text advocates for questioning everything.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The trickster is portrayed as a figure that upholds fixed boundaries between concepts.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The author obscured their face in their art to reflect how people's _____ prevents them from perceiving them as they truly are.

<p>bigotry</p> Signup and view all the answers

What figures are mentioned as possibilities for becoming in the text?

<p>Cyborg, monster, glitch, salamander, body without organs, ubermensch, butterfly, becoming-woman, schizo</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the author, what happens when more 'glitches' appear in the societal system of gender?

<p>The machine starts to fail (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has the author felt growing up in a violent world despite being sheltered?

<p>Lost</p> Signup and view all the answers

The trickster is often viewed as the god of the __________ in culture.

<p>threshold</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the philosophers with their quotes related to femininity and identity:

<p>Susan Stryker = Performing Transgender Rage Simone de Beauvoir = The Second Sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their descriptions:

<p>Cyborg = A merging of human and machine Trickster = A figure that crosses boundaries Rhizome = A multiplicity of connections Ubermensch = A higher ideal of human existence</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the author imply by stating that identities are 'contradictory, partial, and strategic'?

<p>Identities are complex constructs that do not represent a single, unified essence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The author argues that there is a natural and essential unity in being female.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does cyborg politics advocate for?

<p>Noise and pollution in identity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The recognition of the trickster in culture signifies a regression to a primitive state.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In all cases, the trickster will __________ the distinctions between categories.

<p>cross</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the author imply about their body of work?

<p>It challenges perceptions and encourages questioning. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The author wants their work to be easily understood and palatable.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the author mean by 'becoming a new person every day'?

<p>The author refers to transforming oneself and altering perceptions continually.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The author wishes to enact change both __________ and __________.

<p>intrinsically, extrinsically</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the concepts with their descriptions:

<p>Nihilism = A rejection of religious and moral principles Queerness = Challenging traditional gender and sexuality norms Trickster = A figure representing change and transformation Stagnation = The state of being inactive or stuck</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is identified as the biggest hurdle the author encountered?

<p>Stagnation in production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The author believes that ignorance should be desired.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of moving image or sound mediums for the author?

<p>They are temporal and prevent ideas from being static.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Discourse Community

A group of people sharing common interests and communication styles.

Manifesto

A mode of writing that challenges conventional norms and seeks to question established power structures.

Auto Theory

A literary and philosophical approach that explores the fluidity of identity and the breakdown of traditional boundaries.

Rhizome

A concept in Deleuze and Guattari's work that emphasizes the interconnectedness of ideas and experiences, rejecting linear and hierarchical structures.

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Schizoanalysis

An analytical method that explores the ways in which individuals and societies are shaped by power structures and social forces.

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Becoming

The process of becoming something else, of transforming and evolving.

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Polyphony

The use of multiple voices and perspectives in a text, creating a complex and layered narrative.

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Queer

The act of questioning the validity and power of established norms and boundaries.

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Loss of Universal Truth

The idea that the loss of belief in universal truth creates a situation where all interpretations of reality are equally valid, with no definitive way to choose between them.

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Religion vs. Science

The claim that religion continues to exist despite the rise of science because it offers meaning, while science provides only the truth of 'no truth,' making people choose meaning over despair.

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Upheaval of Beliefs

The idea that the abandonment of an old belief system, like moving from land to sea, requires a drastic change and adaptation to new circumstances.

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The Era of Crowds

The phenomenon where the power of the crowd is the only force that seems to be increasing in importance, especially during times of social change.

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Consumption as a Substitute

Replacing the belief in a guiding force like God with consumerism and distractions, leading to a focus on superficial things and escaping reality.

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Self-Creation of Meaning

The idea that we have the ability to create new meaning and make changes for ourselves, instead of being controlled by external forces.

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Biding Time

The state of delaying facing difficult truths and creating distractions to avoid confronting them.

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Jailors of Ourselves

The claim that we are responsible for our own predicament, trapped by societal pressures and the influence of the masses.

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Gender as a Technology

The idea that gender is a construct and that people are often forced to fit into rigid, predetermined categories that don't reflect their true selves.

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Being a Glitch in the Technology

The act of challenging societal norms and expectations associated with gender and identity.

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Gendered Stereotypes and Predetermined Purposes

The idea that people are constantly being categorized and judged based on their perceived gender, leading to feelings of alienation and pressure to conform.

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The Falseness of Essential Femininity

The concept that there is no single, essential definition of what it means to be a woman, and that societal expectations are often imposed on individuals who identify as women.

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The Contradiction between Societal Expectations and Lived Experiences

The idea that societal expectations of womanhood are often arbitrary and contradicted by real-life experiences of women.

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The Social and Historical Constitution of Gender, Race, and Class

The belief that gender, race, and class are social constructs that have been created through history and social practices.

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The Fluidity of Gender, Race, and Class

The idea that the categories of gender, race, and class are fluid and change over time, making it difficult to rely on essential

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The Constructed Nature of

The idea that the notion of being

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To be other

A way of existing without clear boundaries, constantly shifting and changing.

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Contagion

The spread of ideas, concepts, or behaviours through contact and interaction.

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Trickster & Boundary Crossing

The constant blurring and shifting boundaries between categories, challenging fixed ideas of identity and classification.

Think of it as breaking down the usual boxes we put things in, like right/wrong, male/female, or even nature/culture.

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Cyborg

The merging of biological and technological elements, creating a new kind of being. It often challenges traditional ideas of what it means to be human.

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Body Without Organs

A state of being without clear boundaries or defined identity. It challenges traditional notions of individuality and self.

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Equality of Invalidity

The idea that all existing ideas are equally invalid, allowing for the creation of new meaning without limitations.

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Forcing the Possibility of Change

Actively challenging the assumptions people have about you, prompting them to question their own beliefs and understanding.

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True Alteration of Self

The artist's deliberate act of transforming themselves, not just for a brief moment, but as a constant and profound change.

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Intrinsic and Extrinsic Change

The artist's aim to change both themselves and others through this process of becoming different.

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Cracks in the Illusory World

The discomfort people experience when confronted with ideas that challenge their established beliefs and identity, leading to a sense of instability.

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Suffering for a New Reality

The artist's belief that confronting societal norms and assumptions can lead to a more meaningful and authentic existence, even if it creates discomfort.

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The Stagnation of Ideas

Avoiding embracing change and new perspectives, staying stuck in the familiar rather than progressing to a truer self.

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Refusing to be Palatable

The artist's desire to be elusive, difficult to define and analyze, actively challenging viewers to engage with their work on a deeper level.

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Study Notes

Prolegomenon

  • This is not a typical academic essay; it's a manifesto, confrontational rhetoric, and auto theory.

  • It uses a specific discourse community's communication style and specialist knowledge.

  • The essay avoids paraphrasing quotes and uses a range of sources but prioritizes common knowledge.

  • It incorporates ideas from Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, focusing on rhizome, schizoanalysis, and becoming.

Ode to Cisyphus

  • The essay references a "code" that makes it difficult to understand.

  • It includes the question "How other are we if we are alike in our otherness?", suggesting a theme of identity and difference.

  • The writer questions the validity, power, and need for concepts like gender norms.

  • Multiple questions and answers seem to be intertwined and unresolved.

  • The essay emphasizes that questions are also significant to the meaning of existence.

Religion Faltering

  • The essay notes the fall of God and the ideas that replaced him.

  • This historical period is described as a transition and anarchy, reflecting loss of meaning.

  • Religion is seen as a countermeasure to nihilism, with atheism opening a new door.

  • Contemporary intellectual discourse lacks a clear criterion for evaluation.

Reality in the Mind and Flesh

  • The work discusses how our daily lives are a form of "bad faith," hindering awareness of reality.

  • Reality in the flesh is seen as the real, uninfluenced by external perceptions.

  • Being defined by language, mythology, and the perception of others is argued to be a false reality.

  • The essay uses the term "becoming" to describe a process of ceaseless change and self-definition.

  • Modern society can be characterized by consumption, distraction from reality, and a loss of meaning.

Transsexualism

  • The author identifies as transsexual and questions gender norms.

  • The essay challenges societal stereotypes and norms.

  • The essay questions the concept of what a woman is and how society dictates gender roles.

  • The essay critiques the "perversion" of the trans experience.

  • The writer uses "glitch" as a metaphorical representation of the human experience.

  • The writer explores the limitations of gender labels.

Gender, Power, and Society

  • Gender is described as a problematic and fluid category imposed by society and enforced by power.

  • Social constructs of gender are not biological and unchanging, but are instead malleable.

  • The individual can resist societal expectations of gender roles; challenging the limitations of societal expectations is portrayed as an act of rebellion.

  • The work suggests the importance of understanding gender as a social construct rather than a biologically fixed category.

Trickster Figure

  • The trickster figure in literature and mythology is explored as a positive response to societal expectations on how to exist.

  • Tricksters in myth and folklore are seen as valuable in challenging and disrupting societal norms.

  • Tricksters often embody ambiguity, unpredictability, and multiple identities.

  • Tricksters are vital in culture because they question, challenge, and disrupt.

Incomprehensible Images

  • The author explores the meaning and value of images that cannot be readily understood.

  • The incomprehensible image challenges traditional interpretations of the world.

  • The essay argues that the value of an image is often more in its capacity to produce new meaning and interpretations.

Invocation

  • The work concludes by referencing a "song of transformed forms," possibly evoking the idea of a powerful poetic and metaphorical statement of transformation.

  • "Immortal Gods" suggests an appeal to a higher power or perhaps a deeper meaning of existence.

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