Exploring Nucleic Acids
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Questions and Answers

Which one of these is the most correct?

  • Genes are the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide
  • Genes are the fundamental units of heredity and made of nucleotides (correct)
  • Genes are segments of the DNA that carry chromosomes
  • Genes are the genetic material in all cells and some viruses

DNA is a protein

  • True
  • False (correct)
  • True, but only in some organisms
  • True, but only in certain cells

List the types of RNA that exist in our bodies.

  • mRNA, tRNA, rRNA (correct)
  • mRNA, rRNA, sRNA
  • mRNA, tRNA, sRNA
  • Messenger, transfer, ribosomal

DNA is a single strand while RNA is a double strand.

<p>False (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that results in the synthesis of mRNA?

<p>Transcription (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nitrogenous base pairs with adenine in DNA?

<p>Thymine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of a nucleotide?

<p>Nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, and phosphate group (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a nucleoside and a nucleotide?

<p>Nucleoside has a phosphate group, while nucleotide does not (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many polynucleotides does a molecule of DNA have?

<p>Two (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the arrangement of DNA called antiparallel?

<p>The two polynucleotides run in opposite directions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which DNA is duplicated before the cell divides?

<p>Replication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sugar in RNA?

<p>Ribose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nucleotide base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

<p>Uracil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond forms between adjacent nucleotides in a polynucleotide?

<p>Covalent bond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the synthesis of proteins on the ribosomes using mRNA and directed by DNA known as?

<p>Translation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of nitrogenous base has a single six-membered ring?

<p>Pyrimidines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gene is part of a Chromosome.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

DNA is a protein

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

DNA is a single strand while RNA is a double strand.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

RNA is a type of nucleic acid.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is directed by DNA.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transfer RNA (tRNA) is involved in protein synthesis.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a type of RNA found in our bodies.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chromosomes are made of nucleotides.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

DNA is the genetic material in all cells and some viruses.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary information.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nucleotides are the fundamental units of heredity.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

DNA replication is the process in which DNA is copied. As a result, the two daughter molecules are both identical to the parent molecule.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The DNA molecule has two polynucleotides spiraling around an imaginary axis, forming a double helix.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nitrogenous bases in DNA pair up and form hydrogen bonds: adenine (A) always with thymine (T), and guanine (G) always with cytosine (C).

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The portion of a nucleotide without the phosphate group is called a nucleoside.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A DNA molecule includes many genes.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Replication is the process by which the DNA molecule is duplicated before the cell divides.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transcription is the process that results in the synthesis of mRNA.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Translation is the synthesis of proteins on the ribosomes using the mRNA and directed by DNA.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

There are two families of nitrogenous bases: pyrimidines (cytosine, thymine, and uracil) and purines (adenine and guanine).

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In DNA, the sugar is deoxyribose; in RNA, the sugar is ribose.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nucleotide polymers are linked together to build a polynucleotide.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A DNA molecule has a single polynucleotide.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nucleic acids with their structure:

<p>DNA = Double Strand RNA = Single Strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nucleic acids with their roles:

<p>DNA = Directs synthesis of mRNA and controls protein synthesis RNA = Involved in protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nucleotide components with their descriptions:

<p>Gene = Unit of inheritance made of nucleotides Chromosome = Segment of DNA carrying genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements with their correctness:

<p>A gene is part of a chromosome. = True DNA is a protein. = False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nucleotide bases with their pairings:

<p>Adenine = Pairs with thymine in DNA Guanine = Pairs with cytosine in DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following RNA types with their roles:

<p>Messenger RNA (mRNA) = Directs synthesis of proteins Transfer RNA (tRNA) = Involved in protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following processes with their descriptions:

<p>Replication of DNA = Process by which the DNA molecule is duplicated before the cell divides. Transcription = Process that results in the synthesis of mRNA (messenger RNA). Translation = Synthesis of proteins on the ribosomes using the mRNA and directed by DNA. Condensation Reaction = Reaction that makes a polynucleotide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components with their descriptions:

<p>Nucleotide = Nucleoside + phosphate group. Nucleoside = Nitrogenous base + sugar. Polynucleotide = Nucleotide polymers linked together to build a polynucleotide. Antiparallel = Arrangement where two backbones run in opposite 5' -&gt; 3' directions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

<p>Pyrimidines = Nitrogenous bases with a single six-membered ring. Purines = Nitrogenous bases with a six-membered ring fused to a five-membered ring. Nucleotide Polymers = Linked together to build a polynucleotide. Base pair = Joined by hydrogen bonding, adenine always with thymine, and guanine always with cytosine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their descriptions:

<p>DNA Double Helix = Two polynucleotides spiraling around an imaginary axis, forming a double helix. DNA Replication = Process in which DNA is copied, resulting in two identical daughter molecules. Polynucleotides = Molecule of DNA has two polynucleotides. Formation of Polynucleotide = Links create a backbone of sugar-phosphate units with nitrogenous bases as appendages.</p> Signup and view all the answers
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