Exploring Nucleic Acids
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Questions and Answers

Which one of these is the most correct?

  • Genes are the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide
  • Genes are the fundamental units of heredity and made of nucleotides (correct)
  • Genes are segments of the DNA that carry chromosomes
  • Genes are the genetic material in all cells and some viruses

    • DNA is a protein

  • True
  • False (correct)
  • True, but only in some organisms
  • True, but only in certain cells

    • List the types of RNA that exist in our bodies.

  • mRNA, tRNA, rRNA (correct)
  • mRNA, rRNA, sRNA
  • mRNA, tRNA, sRNA
  • Messenger, transfer, ribosomal

    • DNA is a single strand while RNA is a double strand.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process that results in the synthesis of mRNA?

    <p>Transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nitrogenous base pairs with adenine in DNA?

    <p>Thymine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the components of a nucleotide?

    <p>Nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, and phosphate group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a nucleoside and a nucleotide?

    <p>Nucleoside has a phosphate group, while nucleotide does not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many polynucleotides does a molecule of DNA have?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the arrangement of DNA called antiparallel?

    <p>The two polynucleotides run in opposite directions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which DNA is duplicated before the cell divides?

    <p>Replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sugar in RNA?

    <p>Ribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nucleotide base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

    <p>Uracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond forms between adjacent nucleotides in a polynucleotide?

    <p>Covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the synthesis of proteins on the ribosomes using mRNA and directed by DNA known as?

    <p>Translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of nitrogenous base has a single six-membered ring?

    <p>Pyrimidines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gene is part of a Chromosome.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    DNA is a protein

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    DNA is a single strand while RNA is a double strand.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    RNA is a type of nucleic acid.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Messenger RNA (mRNA) is directed by DNA.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transfer RNA (tRNA) is involved in protein synthesis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a type of RNA found in our bodies.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chromosomes are made of nucleotides.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    DNA is the genetic material in all cells and some viruses.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary information.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nucleotides are the fundamental units of heredity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    DNA replication is the process in which DNA is copied. As a result, the two daughter molecules are both identical to the parent molecule.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The DNA molecule has two polynucleotides spiraling around an imaginary axis, forming a double helix.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nitrogenous bases in DNA pair up and form hydrogen bonds: adenine (A) always with thymine (T), and guanine (G) always with cytosine (C).

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The portion of a nucleotide without the phosphate group is called a nucleoside.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A DNA molecule includes many genes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Replication is the process by which the DNA molecule is duplicated before the cell divides.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transcription is the process that results in the synthesis of mRNA.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Translation is the synthesis of proteins on the ribosomes using the mRNA and directed by DNA.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    There are two families of nitrogenous bases: pyrimidines (cytosine, thymine, and uracil) and purines (adenine and guanine).

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In DNA, the sugar is deoxyribose; in RNA, the sugar is ribose.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nucleotide polymers are linked together to build a polynucleotide.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A DNA molecule has a single polynucleotide.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following nucleic acids with their structure:

    <p>DNA = Double Strand RNA = Single Strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following nucleic acids with their roles:

    <p>DNA = Directs synthesis of mRNA and controls protein synthesis RNA = Involved in protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following nucleotide components with their descriptions:

    <p>Gene = Unit of inheritance made of nucleotides Chromosome = Segment of DNA carrying genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following statements with their correctness:

    <p>A gene is part of a chromosome. = True DNA is a protein. = False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following nucleotide bases with their pairings:

    <p>Adenine = Pairs with thymine in DNA Guanine = Pairs with cytosine in DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following RNA types with their roles:

    <p>Messenger RNA (mRNA) = Directs synthesis of proteins Transfer RNA (tRNA) = Involved in protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following processes with their descriptions:

    <p>Replication of DNA = Process by which the DNA molecule is duplicated before the cell divides. Transcription = Process that results in the synthesis of mRNA (messenger RNA). Translation = Synthesis of proteins on the ribosomes using the mRNA and directed by DNA. Condensation Reaction = Reaction that makes a polynucleotide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their descriptions:

    <p>Nucleotide = Nucleoside + phosphate group. Nucleoside = Nitrogenous base + sugar. Polynucleotide = Nucleotide polymers linked together to build a polynucleotide. Antiparallel = Arrangement where two backbones run in opposite 5' -&gt; 3' directions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Pyrimidines = Nitrogenous bases with a single six-membered ring. Purines = Nitrogenous bases with a six-membered ring fused to a five-membered ring. Nucleotide Polymers = Linked together to build a polynucleotide. Base pair = Joined by hydrogen bonding, adenine always with thymine, and guanine always with cytosine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their descriptions:

    <p>DNA Double Helix = Two polynucleotides spiraling around an imaginary axis, forming a double helix. DNA Replication = Process in which DNA is copied, resulting in two identical daughter molecules. Polynucleotides = Molecule of DNA has two polynucleotides. Formation of Polynucleotide = Links create a backbone of sugar-phosphate units with nitrogenous bases as appendages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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