5.5.1 Material factors and educational attainment
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Questions and Answers

Which factor is likely to contribute to children falling behind in their schoolwork?

  • Stigmatization
  • Isolation
  • Bullying
  • Ill-health (correct)
  • What is one consequence of low income for children's education?

  • Limited access to educational toys (correct)
  • Concentration of socially disadvantaged children
  • Reduced likelihood of a well-heated home
  • Increased division between schools
  • According to Smith and Noble (1995), what is the impact of marketisation of schools on children from poor families?

  • Reduced division between schools
  • Increased opportunities in well-resourced schools
  • Concentration of socially disadvantaged children in unpopular schools (correct)
  • Improved performance in under-subscribed schools
  • Which factor is seen as a major contributor to the relatively low educational attainment of those in the lower levels of the class system?

    <p>Material deprivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the research by Jane Waldfogel and Elizabeth Washbrook examine?

    <p>The relationship between parental income and children's cognitive development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the test results of the lowest income group and the middle-income group show?

    <p>The middle-income group had higher test scores than the lowest income group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor made a positive contribution to cognitive development according to the text?

    <p>Parents reading to children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the study commissioned by the Sutton Trust in 2017 reveal about private tutoring in England?

    <p>One in six students in Year 11 had private tutors in maths and science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Ofsted, what is the general relationship between deprivation and school quality in England?

    <p>The higher the level of deprivation, the lower the quality of schools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the study by Theresa Smith and Michael Noble list as a barrier to learning resulting from low income?

    <p>Insufficient funds for school uniforms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Children in poverty were nearly a year behind middle-income children in ________ development when they started school

    <p>cognitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The income-related ________ development gap is likely to be reflected in the attainment gap throughout the children's educational career

    <p>cognitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Factors that positively contribute to cognitive development include parents reading to children and family trips to places of ________

    <p>interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In England and Wales, students from the highest-income families were more likely to receive private or home ________ than those from the lowest-income families

    <p>tuition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Material circumstances play an important part in determining levels of educational attainment. In particular, they see material ______ a lack of material resources as a major factor accounting for the relatively low attainment of those in the lower levels of the class system.

    <p>deprivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Parental income can make an important difference to educational attainment. Research by Jane Waldfogel and Elizabeth Washbrook (2010) looked at the relationship between parental income and children's ______ development.

    <p>cognitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The researchers divided the children into five groups based on parental income. They compared the test results of the lowest income group (the bottom 20 per cent) with the results of the middle-income group (the middle 20 per cent). There was a significant test score ______ between the lowest and the middle groups.

    <p>gap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Children from low-income families are more likely to suffer from ______, which can affect their attendance and performance at school.

    <p>ill-health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Low income reduces the likelihood of a desk, educational toys, books and ______ to do homework, and a comfortable well-heated home.

    <p>space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The marketisation of schools is likely to increase the division between successful, well-resourced schools in affluent areas and under-subscribed, poorly resourced schools in poor areas. This will 'reduce rather than increase opportunities for children from poor families, by concentrating socially disadvantaged children in a limited number of increasingly ______ schools' (Smith and Noble, 1995).

    <p>unpopular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is considered a major contributor to the relatively low educational attainment of those in the lower levels of the class system?

    <p>Material deprivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the study by Jane Waldfogel and Elizabeth Washbrook examine?

    <p>The relationship between parental income and children's cognitive development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the test results of the lowest income group and the middle-income group show?

    <p>A significant test score gap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is likely to contribute to children falling behind in their schoolwork?

    <p>Lack of access to educational resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Smith and Noble (1995), what is the impact of marketisation of schools on children from poor families?

    <p>It reduces opportunities for children from poor families</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one consequence of low income for children's education?

    <p>Isolation and bullying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is most likely to contribute to the income-related cognitive development gap?

    <p>Lack of a home computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the study by Claudia Rangel and Christy Lleras find about the relationship between family background and student achievement in Colombia?

    <p>Students from more privileged backgrounds had significantly higher achievements in mathematics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the study by Theresa Smith and Michael Noble list as a barrier to learning resulting from low income?

    <p>Insufficient funds for school uniforms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Ofsted, what is the general relationship between deprivation and school quality in England?

    <p>Deprivation is negatively correlated with school quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

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