Exploring Lake Stratification and Mixing Patterns
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Questions and Answers

Which type of lake is formed by movements of the earth's crust?

  • Volcanic lakes
  • Tectonic lakes (correct)
  • Solution lakes
  • Fens

    • Which lake is the deepest lake in the world?

  • Lake Tanganyika
  • Lake Victoria
  • Lake Caspian
  • Lake Baikal (correct)

    • Which zone of the lake is near-surface open water surrounded by the littoral zone?

  • Littoral zone
  • Photic zone
  • Profundal zone
  • Limnetic zone (correct)

    • Which lake is formed by the erosive force of the wind?

    <p>Ice-scour lake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lake is impounded or excavated by organisms?

    <p>Beaver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of wetland mentioned in the text?

    <p>River</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a marsh and a swamp?

    <p>Marshes are dominated by grasses, rushes, or reeds, while swamps are forested.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of a fen?

    <p>It is usually fed by mineral-rich surface water or groundwater.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of a pond?

    <p>It is a small shallow body of water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of a bog?

    <p>It is a wetland that accumulates peat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can contribute to stratification in a body of water?

    <p>Thermal density differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can increase the water quality of a lake?

    <p>Increasing the surface to volume ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a drainage lake?

    <p>Lake fed by inflowing streams or rivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that determines the chemical composition of a lake?

    <p>Morphometry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of benthos in a lake?

    <p>Aquatic insects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which zone of the lake is characterized by low levels of photosynthesis and dissolved oxygen?

    <p>Oligotrophic zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major factors influencing primary production in the photic zone of a lake?

    <p>Nutrients, light, and grazing pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which zone of the lake is characterized by bottom dwellers that depend on dead and decaying organisms as their main food source?

    <p>Benthic zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main source of external inputs of nutrients in the photic zone of a lake?

    <p>Human activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of thermoclines in a lake?

    <p>To regulate the temperature changes with depth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lake never mixes as it is permanently frozen?

    <p>Amictic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lake mixes completely?

    <p>Holomictic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lake mixes only once each year, either in winter or summer?

    <p>Monomictic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the intermediate layer in a lake where there is a sudden change in density at the upper edge of the bottom layer?

    <p>Chemocline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors influence light penetration in a lake?

    <p>Latitude, season, angle of contact of light rays at water surface, dissolved ions, suspended materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors regulate the trophic state of a lake?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is eutrophication?

    <p>The process by which a body of water becomes enriched in dissolved nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some potential effects of eutrophication?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some adaptations of aquatic plants?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some human activities that can affect a lake's physical, chemical, and biological aspects?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which zone of the lake is characterized by fluctuating temperature and erosion of shore materials through wave actions?

    <p>Littoral zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which zone of the lake is dominated by plankton, both phytoplankton and zooplankton?

    <p>Limnetic zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lake is the deepest lake in the world?

    <p>Lake Baikal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lake mixes twice a year and is the most common in temperate latitudes?

    <p>Holomictic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the intermediate layer in a lake where there is a sudden change in density at the upper edge of the bottom layer?

    <p>Chemocline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors influence light penetration in a lake?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which zone of the lake is characterized by cooler temperatures and a high concentration of bottom dwellers that depend on dead and decaying organisms as their main food source?

    <p>Benthic zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major factors that influence primary production in the photic zone of a lake?

    <p>Nutrients, light, and temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lake is characterized by poor nutrient content, low production of organic matter, and high dissolved oxygen concentration?

    <p>Oligotrophic lake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that can contribute to stratification in a body of water?

    <p>Use of mechanical aerators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a fen?

    <p>Formed by movements of the earth's crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a drainage lake?

    <p>Seepage lake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is NOT a main regulator of the trophic state of a lake?

    <p>Amount of sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a body of water becomes enriched in dissolved nutrients and stimulates the growth of aquatic plant life?

    <p>Eutrophication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an effect of eutrophication in a lake?

    <p>Possible toxins from some species of bluegreen algae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following adaptations do fishes lack that are characteristic of fish living in swift water?

    <p>Strong lateral muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following human activities can affect a lake's physical, chemical, and biological aspects?

    <p>Agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of a fen?

    <p>Fens are dominated by herbaceous plant species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of wetland mentioned in the text?

    <p>River</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a marsh and a swamp?

    <p>Marshes are dominated by grasses, rushes, or reeds, while swamps are forested wetlands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name three main factors that regulate the trophic state of a lake.

    <p>Rate of nutrient supply, Climate, Shape of lake basin (morphometry)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is eutrophication?

    <p>Eutrophication is the process by which a body of water becomes enriched in dissolved nutrients (such as phosphates) that stimulate the growth of aquatic plant life usually resulting in the depletion of dissolved oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some potential effects of eutrophication in a lake?

    <p>Noxious algae (scums, blue-greens, taste and odor, visual), Excessive macrophyte growth (loss of open water), Loss of clarity (secchi depth goes down), Possible loss of macrophytes (via light limitation by algae and periphyton), Low dissolved oxygen (loss of habitat for fish and fish food), Excessive organic matter production (smothering eggs and bugs), Blue-green algae inedible by some zooplankton (reduced food chain efficiency), &quot;Toxic&quot; gases (ammonia, H2S) in bottom water (more loss of fish habitat), Possible toxins from some species of bluegreen algae, Chemical treatment by lakeshore homeowners or managers may, Drinking water degradation from treatment disinfection byproducts, Carcinogens, such as chloroform (from increased organic matter reacting with disinfectants like chlorine)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name three types of aquatic plants and their adaptations.

    <p>Spike rushes and small sedges (Adaptation: Roots are anchored in the bottom bud), Bulrushes, reeds, and cattails (Adaptation: Narrow, tubular, linear leaves and have broad leaves), Pond lily (Nuphar spp.) and Pond weed (Potamegaton) (Adaptation: Poorly developed root system but highly developed aerating system)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name a type of aquatic plant that lacks cuticles and absorbs nutrients and gases directly from the water through thin and finely dissected or ribbon-like leaves.

    <p>Certain pond weed species (Chara muskgrass)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some human activities that can affect a lake's physical, chemical, and biological aspects?

    <p>Urbanization, Reclamation of some portions of the lake, Overfishing, Increased fishing pressure, Increased sewage effluents, Introduction of exotic species accidentally or on purpose, Human activities like road construction, logging, mining, and agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major factors that influence primary production in the photic zone of a lake?

    <p>Amount of sunlight, Temperature, Hydrology (precipitation + lake basin turnover time)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name three types of wetlands mentioned in the text.

    <p>Marsh, Swamp, Fen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a marsh and a swamp?

    <p>The main difference between a marsh and a swamp is the type of vegetation present. Marshes are characterized by soft-stemmed vegetation such as grasses and reeds, while swamps are dominated by woody plants such as trees and shrubs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major factors influencing primary production in the photic zone of a lake?

    <p>Amount of sunlight, Temperature, Hydrology (precipitation + lake basin turnover time)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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