Exploring Intersectionality in Literature
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Questions and Answers

Which of these authors wrote from a female perspective and explored intersectionality in their work?

  • Elizabeth Keckley
  • Frances E.W. Harper
  • William Wells Brown
  • Harriet Jacobs (correct)

    • What is a defining characteristic of Neo-Slave narratives?

  • They focus on the lives of white slave owners.
  • They were written as propaganda to encourage further slavery.
  • They were written during the period of active slavery
  • They discuss the effects of slavery after its abolishment. (correct)

    • Elizabeth Keckley's book, 'Behind the Scenes; or Thirty years a slave and four years in the white house', details her experiences working as a dressmaker for which two families?

  • The Jefferson and Madison families
  • The Jefferson Davis and Abraham Lincoln families (correct)
  • The Washington and Adams families
  • The Roosevelt and Kennedy families

    • What was the historical significance of the Plessy vs. Ferguson Supreme Court decision?

    <p>It declared that segregation was constitutional. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 'Gilded Age,' named after Mark Twain's novel, is characterized by what?

    <p>A focus on materialism and superficial wealth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary reason for the diversity among pre-Columbian Indigenous cultures?

    <p>Geographical and climatic variations influenced livelihoods. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the term 'Pueblo' considered problematic when discussing certain Indigenous cultures of the Southwest?

    <p>It is a Spanish term that reflects a Eurocentric perspective. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cultural group is NOT considered a precursor to the Pueblo cultures?

    <p>Aztecs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant factor in the decline of the Pueblo cultures during the 1270s?

    <p>Droughts, war, and soil migrations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a characteristic of the indigenous civilization encountered by Europeans around 1500?

    <p>A network of diverse, highly developed cultures with complex trade networks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are transcriptions of Native American oral traditions considered potentially 'problematic'?

    <p>They can alter or misrepresent the original oral performance which is closely linked to spiritual practices. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the storyteller in Native American oral traditions?

    <p>A central figure with significant authority, not to be questioned. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a typical form or format found in Native American oral traditions?

    <p>Scientific journals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major shift in American foreign policy occurred after World War I?

    <p>An increased internationalization of American politics and abandonment of isolationism. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of the 'Roaring Twenties'?

    <p>A strong nationwide consensus against traditional values. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant consequence of Prohibition during the 1920s?

    <p>The rise of organized crime within America. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these best describes the impact of the National Origins Act?

    <p>It put in place immigration restrictions fueled by xenophobic movements. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event is considered the start of the Great Depression?

    <p>The stock market crash on Black Thursday, Oct 24th 1929. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these social trends was NOT a consequence of the Great Depression?

    <p>An improved situation for women and minorities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the 'Lost Generation' in the context of the period following World War I?

    <p>A group disillusioned by the war and disappointed in society that followed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these was NOT a factor that defined Modernity during the 1920's?

    <p>A decline in industrial production. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of the poetry found in 'The Tenth Muse'?

    <p>It explores the idea of women having poetic abilities, reflecting on poetics and gender roles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the shift in focus observed in Anne Bradstreet's works, from her earlier to later poems?

    <p>From the realm of public poetry to more personal expressive poetry. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a typical component of the structure of a Puritan captivity narrative?

    <p>An objective analysis of Native American culture. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Puritan captivity narratives, the content typically depicts which relationship in a 'bipolar' manner?

    <p>A portrayal of the interaction as an innocent white victim vs savage native relationship. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following literary forms is NOT a hybrid aspect incorporated into the Puritan captivity narrative?

    <p>A comprehensive ethnographic treatise of Native American society. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a central didactic purpose of the Puritan 'variant' of the captivity narrative?

    <p>To demonstrate how the captivity was a divinely sent affliction from which one is to learn. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did ministers primarily influence the content of Puritan captivity narratives?

    <p>By editing the narratives to reinforce religious teachings and interpretations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'journey pattern' often observed in Puritan captivity narratives?

    <p>Moving from the colonizer's culture into Native American culture and then back to the colonizer's culture. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary theme explored in F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby?

    <p>The pursuit of an idealized past through material wealth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the literary style employed by John Dos Passos in his U.S.A. trilogy?

    <p>A fragmented narrative blending cinematic techniques and historical events. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant aspect of Southern history and identity does William Faulkner explore in his works?

    <p>The historical legacy of guilt and moral decay. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key objective of the Provincetown Players in their approach to theater?

    <p>To create art that experiments with form and explores psychological truth. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which attribute was NOT a characteristic of the plays favored by the Provincetown Players?

    <p>Elaborate plots with complex time and place shifts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the one-act play, according to Edward Bierstadt's perspective?

    <p>Demands complete unity of thought and action. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best represents a common theme explored by writers of the 'Lost Generation'?

    <p>Disillusionment and alienation following the First World War. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of an agenda of the Provincetown Players?

    <p>To embrace sentimental melodrama. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a central theme explored in Susan Glaspell's 'Trifles'?

    <p>The power of female solidarity and understanding in uncovering truth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the structure of 'Trifles'?

    <p>It begins with the end of the crime and focuses on a psychological exploration of the characters. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant characteristic of political plays from the Harlem Renaissance?

    <p>They used theater to explore historical narratives and advocate for social change. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a theme explored in the political plays of the Harlem Renaissance?

    <p>The impact of racial and social injustices on the African American community (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'melting pot' concept as discussed in the context of early 20th-century America?

    <p>A belief that immigrants should abandon their cultural identities and adopt the Anglo-American culture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sentiment arose in the wake of World War I and the 1920s?

    <p>Nationalist sentiments and xenophobic attitudes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of Randolph S. Bourne's perspective on American identity?

    <p>He was a proponent of cultural pluralism and the preservation of diverse ethnic identities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the early concepts of cultural pluralism differ from the idea of the 'melting pot'?

    <p>Cultural pluralism valued diverse ethnic identities, while the 'melting pot' sought cultural uniformity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Jacobs' narrative

    A slave narrative presenting a female perspective and intersectionality.

    Neo-Slave narratives

    Literary works exploring the legacy of slavery post-abolition.

    Elizabeth Keckley's story

    A former enslaved woman who became a dressmaker and published her life story after financial struggles.

    Gilded Age

    A period marked by materialism, named after Twain's novel, illustrating social issues of the era.

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    Jim Crow Laws

    Laws enforcing racial segregation and discrimination in the United States.

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    Pre-Columbian History

    The history of the Americas before Columbus' arrival, spanning up to 40,000 years.

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    Pueblo Cultures

    Various indigenous cultures in the Southwest, known for their village and farming practices.

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    Mesa Verde

    A significant archaeological site, known for its cliff dwellings and multi-cultural indigenous community.

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    Indigenous Trade Networks

    Complex systems connecting various tribes for the exchange of goods, technology, and culture.

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    Native American Oral Tradition

    Cultural practice of storytelling, deeply tied to spirituality, passed through generations.

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    The Storyteller

    A central figure in oral traditions, revered for their role in preserving culture and history.

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    Tribal Nations

    Over 500 distinct indigenous groups in North America with diverse languages and cultures.

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    Anthropological Studies

    The late incorporation of Native American texts into academic discussions and literature.

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    The Tenth Muse

    A poetry collection by Anne Bradstreet, published in 1650, highlighting women's poetic abilities.

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    Puritan Captivity Narrative

    Stories of former captives detailing their experiences with Native Americans after returning to civilization.

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    Three Parts of a Captivity Narrative

    Captivity narratives typically include: capture, life among captors, and rescue.

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    Hybrid Form

    Captivity narratives mix autobiographical, adventure, gothic, and ethnographic elements.

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    Didactic Purpose

    The intention behind captivity narratives to teach lessons about faith and suffering.

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    God’s Will in Captivity

    Captivity was viewed as punishment from God, with return seen as grace.

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    Collective Significance

    Captivity narratives served as examples and morale boosters for the community.

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    Anne Bradstreet's Poetic Themes

    Bradstreet's poems often explore personal fears, desires, and gender roles.

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    Lost Generation

    A group of American writers disillusioned by World War I.

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    Prohibition

    The legal ban on alcohol sales and consumption in the 1920s.

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    The Roaring Twenties

    A decade marked by economic prosperity and cultural change in America.

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    New Deal

    A series of programs and reforms by F.D.R. to combat the Great Depression.

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    Black Thursday

    The day the stock market crashed, marking the start of the Great Depression.

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    Urbanization

    The movement of populations from rural areas to cities in the 1920s.

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    Xenophobia

    Fear and prejudice against people from other countries, prevalent in the 1920s.

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    Flappers

    Modern women in the 1920s symbolizing freedom and independence.

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    The Great Gatsby

    A novel reflecting the American Dream and wealth's impact on love.

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    Jazz Age

    The decade of the 1920s known for jazz music and cultural change in America.

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    John Dos Passos

    A writer known for his modernist techniques and political shift from left to right.

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    Multiperspectivism

    Literary technique presenting a narrative from multiple viewpoints.

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    Provincetown Players

    A theater group promoting new forms and artistic drama in early 20th century.

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    Artistic Drama

    Theater focusing on sincere emotion and psychological depth rather than spectacle.

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    One-act play

    A play that unfolds in a single act, emphasizing unity of thought.

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    Trifles

    A detective story by Susan Glaspell about a woman who likely killed her husband and explores feminist themes.

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    The New Woman Agenda

    A theme in the early 20th century advocating for women's rights, independence, and feminist solidarity.

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    Harlem Renaissance

    A cultural movement in the 1920s highlighting African American literature, art, and political expression.

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    Political Plays

    Theatrical works that address social and political issues, often with a focus on racial and gender themes.

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    Cultural Pluralism

    The acknowledgment and appreciation of diverse cultural identities existing within a society.

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    Melting Pot Concept

    The idea that immigrants should abandon their cultural identities for a unified Anglo-American culture.

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    Randolph S. Bourne

    A writer who advocated for cultural pluralism and is known for his work 'Transnational America.'

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    Ethnic Pride

    The celebration and affirmation of one's ethnic identity and heritage, often seen in neighborhoods with immigrant communities.

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    Study Notes

    Indigenous Cultures and Settler Colonialism

    • Indigenous history predates Columbus by more than 10,000 years, possibly even 40,000 years.
    • Diverse cultures existed, varying due to geography and climate, including hunter-gatherer, agricultural, and fishing societies.
    • Pueblo cultures of the southwest are an example of a thriving, ancient civilization.
    • Chaco Canyon and Mesa Verde were important centers of indigenous life, known for elaborate architecture and complex trading networks.
    • Indigenous societies existed across North America, with highly advanced civilizations before European contact.

    Native American Oral Traditions

    • Native American oral traditions are rich in stories, often closely tied to religious and spiritual practices.
    • Stories, prophecies, riddles, songs, and prayers were passed down through generations, adapting to historical events.
    • Trickster figures (e.g., coyote, rabbit, raven) often featured in stories, emphasizing wit, and creativity.
    • Creation stories, origin tales, and trickster stories conveyed cultural values, knowledge, and history.
    • Accurate transcription of oral traditions is challenging due to unique languages and cultural interpretations.

    First Europeans in America

    • European exploration and colonization began in the late 15th and 16th centuries, driven by trade, expansion, and religious zeal.
    • The voyages of explorers like Columbus, Cabot, and others were a turning point in world history.
    • Early European understanding and representation of America was influenced by existing European paradigms.
    • Colonization involved complex relationships with Indigenous people.
    • Early mapping and documentation of America was often biased and incomplete, perpetuating Eurocentric perspectives.

    English Settlement and Colonization of North America

    • St. Augustine (1565) was the first sustained European settlement in North America (Spanish).
    • Roanoke Island and Jamestown represent early English settlement attempts.
    • Jamestown (1607) was the first successful English colony, primarily driven by a desire for resource acquisition and trade opportunities, and by the introduction of indentured servitude to facilitate labor.
    • Expansion into Indian territories, and relations with Indigenous people, was a major feature of early colonisation.
    • Texts of early settlers often convey a mixture of accurate and biased observations about indigenous populations.

    Revolution Through the American Renaissance

    • Revolutionary literature often reflects the spirit of independence and the construction of a new nation.
    • The roles of crucial documents like The Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were significant.
    • The American Enlightenment's emphasis on reason and individual rights shaped revolutionary thought.
    • Paine's Common Sense urged for separation from Britain, influencing the American Revolution.
    • The early republic sought to establish a national identity in the wake of the Revolutionary War.

    Development of the Art : American Novel

    • The American novel emerged as a distinct genre, encompassing a range of themes in the 19th century.
    • The works of authors like Cooper, Hawthorne, Melville, and Stowe exemplify the diverse themes present in the early American novel.
    • Historical fiction and regionalism emerged as significant subgenres, highlighting specific locale, ethnicities, and historical periods.
    • Growing readership interested in novels reflected changes in American society and a desire for national identity.
    • The novel as a distinct artistic medium in its own right, and as a reflection of social and cultural developments.

    Development of the Art: American Poetry

    • 19th century American poetry evolved from traditional forms and European influences.
    • The rise of figures like Emerson, Whitman, and Dickinson marked a shift towards a more innovative and individualistic expression.
    • Themes of individualism, nature, democracy, and social reform influenced the development of American poetry.
    • The shift from traditional to more experimental forms in poetry coincided with the growing US national identity.
    • American poets wrestled with how to define a uniquely American voice and style.

    Development of the Art : The American Short Story

    • Short stories became increasingly popular in America, alongside the rise of magazines.
    • Writers like Washington Irving, Kate Chopin, and Mark Twain explored different themes, often regional and realistic.
    • The American short story developed diverse styles and conventions, reflecting cultural changes and social issues.
    • Experimental approaches, and innovative use of language, marked the development of the American short story.
    • The short story, as a literary genre, became an art form in its own right.

    Post-Modern Pluralisation

    • Post-WWII America faced a diverse array of social and political changes, influencing the emergence of postmodernism.
    • Pluralization involved diverse expressions from various ethnic and racial groups, contributing significantly to American literary culture.
    • Contemporary issues and complexities shaped artistic representations of American society.
    • Modernism's focus on tradition shifted to experimentation within post-modern literatures.

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