CELL
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Questions and Answers

Which hormone is secreted into the bloodstream and attaches to blood receptors?

  • Insulin (correct)
  • Catalysts
  • Proteases
  • Enzymes

    • What is the function of amylase in digestion?

  • Begins the digestion of carbohydrates (correct)
  • Binds to blood receptors
  • Produces ribosomes
  • Separates chromosomes

    • What is a mutation?

  • A change in the gene that results in a different protein being made
  • A variation in the gene that results in coding for a different sequence of amino acids (correct)
  • A substance that settles out if left without being shaken
  • A protein catalyst

    • What is the purpose of mitosis?

    <p>To produce two identical daughter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are chromosomes found?

    <p>In the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cancer?

    <p>Mutation/mutations that result in uncontrolled cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for packaging proteins into vesicles?

    <p>Golgi Apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the mitochondria?

    <p>Cellular respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is responsible for the structure of our skin and bones?

    <p>Collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cilia in the human body?

    <p>Sweeping things across the cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecule made up of many repeating units called?

    <p>Polymer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the cell membrane allows things in and out of the cell?

    <p>Protein Channel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cells?

    <p>Motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

    <p>To maintain homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

    <p>To make the cell membrane stronger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of cells to sense and respond to changes in the external environment?

    <p>Irritability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which cells break down raw materials from the environment into usable building blocks?

    <p>Catabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that surrounds the cell and gives it a boundary and shape?

    <p>Cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the movement of a solution through a membrane due to a mechanical force or pressure?

    <p>Filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between osmosis and filtration?

    <p>Osmosis involves the movement of water, while filtration involves the movement of a solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the movement of a solution across a semi-permeable membrane under mechanical force or pressure?

    <p>Filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of filtration in the body?

    <p>To filter plasma in the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size sorting mechanism involved in filtration?

    <p>Membrane filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is an example of a hypertonic solution?

    <p>Lemon juice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is an example of a hypotonic solution?

    <p>D5W</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is an example of a passive transport mechanism?

    <p>Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is an example of an acid?

    <p>Lemon juice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is an example of a base?

    <p>Baking soda</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is an example of a buffer?

    <p>Bicarbonate buffer system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of lipids and steroids?

    <p>Endoplasmic Reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lysosomes in the cell?

    <p>Cellular cleanup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for the formation of packaging vesicles?

    <p>Golgi Apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of centrioles in cell division?

    <p>Organize chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cilia in the human body?

    <p>Sweeping across the cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the mitochondria?

    <p>Cellular respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is an example of an isotonic solution?

    <p>Normal saline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is NOT a function of electrolytes?

    <p>Building bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is an example of an active transport mechanism?

    <p>Endocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is NOT a characteristic of acids?

    <p>Contain a hydroxyl ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is an example of a colloidal suspension?

    <p>Blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is an example of a solute?

    <p>Sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of nucleolus in the cell?

    <p>Produces ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell division produces sex cells?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a homogeneous mixture and a heterogeneous mixture?

    <p>Homogeneous mixtures have evenly distributed particles, while heterogeneous mixtures do not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the cell membrane?

    <p>To control the movement of substances in and out of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of chromosomes in the cell?

    <p>To store genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of chemotherapy in cancer treatment?

    <p>To kill cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is an accurate description of osmosis?

    <p>Movement of water from a high concentration to a low concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between osmosis and filtration?

    <p>Osmosis involves movement of water, while filtration involves movement of a solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of filtration in the body?

    <p>To remove waste products from the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size sorting mechanism involved in filtration?

    <p>Selective transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is an example of a hypotonic solution?

    <p>A solution with a lower concentration of solutes than the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cell membrane?

    <p>To regulate the movement of substances into and out of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

    <p>To allow some things through but not others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of cells to sense and respond to changes in the external environment?

    <p>Irritability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which cells break down raw materials from the environment into usable building blocks?

    <p>Catabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that surrounds the cell and gives it a boundary and shape?

    <p>Cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between osmosis and filtration?

    <p>Osmosis involves the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration, while filtration involves the movement of a solution through a membrane due to a mechanical force or pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of amylase in digestion?

    <p>To break down carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

    <p>To regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of cells to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment?

    <p>Homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which cells break down raw materials from the environment into usable building blocks?

    <p>Metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that surrounds the cell and gives it a boundary and shape?

    <p>Cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cilia in the human body?

    <p>To move substances along the cell surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the phospholipid bilayer in the cell membrane?

    <p>To regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is NOT a characteristic of enzymes?

    <p>Enzymes can perform multiple chemical functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the cell cycle?

    <p>To produce identical daughter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of nucleolus?

    <p>To produce ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of cytokinesis in cell division?

    <p>To form the two daughter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between meiosis and mitosis?

    <p>Meiosis produces sex cells, while mitosis produces identical daughter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of epithelial tissue?

    <p>To line body surfaces and protect underlying tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of lipids and steroids?

    <p>Endoplasmic Reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of cells to sense and respond to changes in the external environment?

    <p>Cellular Signaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Golgi Apparatus?

    <p>Packaging and distribution of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which cells break down raw materials from the environment into usable building blocks?

    <p>Enzymatic digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is an example of a hypotonic solution?

    <p>Distilled water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lysosomes in the cell?

    <p>Digestion of waste materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is an example of a colloidal suspension?

    <p>Blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is an example of a hypertonic solution?

    <p>Lemon juice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the mitochondria?

    <p>Muscle contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

    <p>To allow things in and out of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is an example of an acid?

    <p>Lemon juice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is an example of an active transport mechanism?

    <p>Sodium-potassium pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes osmosis?

    <p>Movement of water from a high concentration to a low concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary driving force behind osmosis?

    <p>Concentration gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about osmosis is true?

    <p>A solution with high water concentration is more dilute than a solution with low water concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of osmosis?

    <p>Movement of water from a concentrated solution to a dilute solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary driving force behind filtration?

    <p>Mechanical force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes filtration?

    <p>Movement of a solution through a membrane under mechanical force or pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of lipids and steroids?

    <p>Endoplasmic Reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of proteins?

    <p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lysosomes in the cell?

    <p>Break down waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cilia in the human body?

    <p>Sweep substances across the cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the mitochondria?

    <p>Produce energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic building block of proteins?

    <p>Amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of enzymes in the body?

    <p>Catalyze chemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of proteins?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the separation of chromosomes and their movement towards opposite ends of the cell?

    <p>Anaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of nucleolus in the cell?

    <p>Produces ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is an example of a homogeneous mixture?

    <p>Saltwater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>Modification and packaging of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between meiosis and mitosis?

    <p>Meiosis involves two rounds of cell division, while mitosis involves one round of cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of amylase in digestion?

    <p>Breaks down carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the phospholipid bilayer in the cell membrane?

    <p>To allow some substances to pass through while preventing others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of cells to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment?

    <p>Homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which cells break down raw materials from the environment into usable building blocks?

    <p>Catabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

    <p>To strengthen the cell membrane and prevent it from breaking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the mitochondria?

    <p>To produce energy for the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of cells to sense and respond to changes in the external environment?

    <p>Irritability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the nucleolus in the cell?

    <p>To produce ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a mixture in which particles do not dissolve but remain evenly distributed in a solvent?

    <p>Colloid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which solution has the same overall concentration of solutes as the cell, resulting in no net water gain or loss?

    <p>Isotonic solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which solution has a greater overall concentration of solutes than the cell, causing water to flow out of the cell and the cell to shrink?

    <p>Hypertonic solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which solution has a lower overall concentration of solutes than the cell, causing water to flow into the cell and the cell to swell?

    <p>Hypotonic solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH range of a neutral solution on the pH scale?

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compounds help maintain a stable pH or resist sharp changes in pH?

    <p>Buffers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH range of blood, which is slightly basic?

    <p>8-14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compounds are capable of donating a hydrogen ion to another substance in a solution?

    <p>Acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compounds usually contain a hydroxyl ion and are capable of accepting a hydrogen ion from another substance in a solution?

    <p>Bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Structure and Function

    • Cells are the basic units of life and vary in size, shape, and function.
    • Cells share common characteristics such as the ability to respond to stimuli, move, and maintain homeostasis.
    • The cell membrane, made up of phospholipids, surrounds the cell and controls what enters and exits.
    • The cell membrane also contains proteins that act as channels, transporters, receptors, and identity markers.
    • The cytoplasm is the gel-like fluid inside the cell that contains organelles, proteins, lipids, carbs, and electrolytes.
    • Organelles are structures in the cell that perform specific functions, such as the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, centrioles, cilia, flagella, and mitochondria.
    • The nucleus is the command center of the cell and contains chromosomes made of DNA and proteins.
    • The endoplasmic reticulum is a transportation system in the cell, with smooth ER involved in lipid synthesis and rough ER involved in protein synthesis.
    • Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.
    • The Golgi apparatus creates and packages vesicles.
    • Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes and help clean up the cell.
    • Mitochondria are the site of cellular respiration, producing ATP as the energy molecule for the cell.

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