CELL

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Questions and Answers

Which hormone is secreted into the bloodstream and attaches to blood receptors?

Insulin (correct)

Catalysts

Proteases

Enzymes

What is the function of amylase in digestion?

Begins the digestion of carbohydrates (correct)

Binds to blood receptors

Produces ribosomes

Separates chromosomes

What is a mutation?

A change in the gene that results in a different protein being made

A variation in the gene that results in coding for a different sequence of amino acids (correct)

A substance that settles out if left without being shaken

A protein catalyst

What is the purpose of mitosis?

To produce two identical daughter cells Signup and view all the answers

Where are chromosomes found?

In the nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is cancer?

Mutation/mutations that result in uncontrolled cell division Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for packaging proteins into vesicles?

Golgi Apparatus Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the mitochondria?

Cellular respiration Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is responsible for the structure of our skin and bones?

Collagen Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cilia in the human body?

Sweeping things across the cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecule made up of many repeating units called?

Polymer Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the cell membrane allows things in and out of the cell?

Protein Channel Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cells?

Motility Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

To maintain homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

To make the cell membrane stronger Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability of cells to sense and respond to changes in the external environment?

Irritability Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which cells break down raw materials from the environment into usable building blocks?

Catabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that surrounds the cell and gives it a boundary and shape?

Cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration?

Osmosis Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the movement of a solution through a membrane due to a mechanical force or pressure?

Filtration Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between osmosis and filtration?

Osmosis involves the movement of water, while filtration involves the movement of a solution Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the movement of a solution across a semi-permeable membrane under mechanical force or pressure?

Filtration Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of filtration in the body?

To filter plasma in the kidneys Signup and view all the answers

What is the size sorting mechanism involved in filtration?

Membrane filtration Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is an example of a hypertonic solution?

Lemon juice Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is an example of a hypotonic solution?

D5W Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is an example of a passive transport mechanism?

Diffusion Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is an example of an acid?

Lemon juice Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is an example of a base?

Baking soda Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is an example of a buffer?

Bicarbonate buffer system Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of lipids and steroids?

Endoplasmic Reticulum Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes in the cell?

Cellular cleanup Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for the formation of packaging vesicles?

Golgi Apparatus Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of centrioles in cell division?

Organize chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cilia in the human body?

Sweeping across the cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mitochondria?

Cellular respiration Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is an example of an isotonic solution?

Normal saline Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is NOT a function of electrolytes?

Building bones Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is an example of an active transport mechanism?

Endocytosis Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is NOT a characteristic of acids?

Contain a hydroxyl ion Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is an example of a colloidal suspension?

Blood Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is an example of a solute?

Sugar Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of nucleolus in the cell?

Produces ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell division produces sex cells?

Meiosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a homogeneous mixture and a heterogeneous mixture?

Homogeneous mixtures have evenly distributed particles, while heterogeneous mixtures do not Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the cell membrane?

To control the movement of substances in and out of the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of chromosomes in the cell?

To store genetic information Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of chemotherapy in cancer treatment?

To kill cancer cells Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is an accurate description of osmosis?

Movement of water from a high concentration to a low concentration Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between osmosis and filtration?

Osmosis involves movement of water, while filtration involves movement of a solution Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of filtration in the body?

To remove waste products from the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the size sorting mechanism involved in filtration?

Selective transport Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is an example of a hypotonic solution?

A solution with a lower concentration of solutes than the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cell membrane?

To regulate the movement of substances into and out of the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

To allow some things through but not others Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability of cells to sense and respond to changes in the external environment?

Irritability Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which cells break down raw materials from the environment into usable building blocks?

Catabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that surrounds the cell and gives it a boundary and shape?

Cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between osmosis and filtration?

Osmosis involves the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration, while filtration involves the movement of a solution through a membrane due to a mechanical force or pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of amylase in digestion?

To break down carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

To regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability of cells to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment?

Homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which cells break down raw materials from the environment into usable building blocks?

Metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that surrounds the cell and gives it a boundary and shape?

Cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cilia in the human body?

To move substances along the cell surface Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the phospholipid bilayer in the cell membrane?

To regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is NOT a characteristic of enzymes?

Enzymes can perform multiple chemical functions Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the cell cycle?

To produce identical daughter cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of nucleolus?

To produce ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cytokinesis in cell division?

To form the two daughter cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between meiosis and mitosis?

Meiosis produces sex cells, while mitosis produces identical daughter cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of epithelial tissue?

To line body surfaces and protect underlying tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of lipids and steroids?

Endoplasmic Reticulum Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability of cells to sense and respond to changes in the external environment?

Cellular Signaling Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Golgi Apparatus?

Packaging and distribution of proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which cells break down raw materials from the environment into usable building blocks?

Enzymatic digestion Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is an example of a hypotonic solution?

Distilled water Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes in the cell?

Digestion of waste materials Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is an example of a colloidal suspension?

Blood Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is an example of a hypertonic solution?

Lemon juice Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the mitochondria?

Muscle contraction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

To allow things in and out of the cell Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is an example of an acid?

Lemon juice Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is an example of an active transport mechanism?

Sodium-potassium pump Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes osmosis?

Movement of water from a high concentration to a low concentration Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary driving force behind osmosis?

Concentration gradient Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about osmosis is true?

A solution with high water concentration is more dilute than a solution with low water concentration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of osmosis?

Movement of water from a concentrated solution to a dilute solution Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary driving force behind filtration?

Mechanical force Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes filtration?

Movement of a solution through a membrane under mechanical force or pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of lipids and steroids?

Endoplasmic Reticulum Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of proteins?

Ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes in the cell?

Break down waste Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cilia in the human body?

Sweep substances across the cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mitochondria?

Produce energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic building block of proteins?

Amino acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of enzymes in the body?

Catalyze chemical reactions Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of proteins?

Endoplasmic reticulum Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the separation of chromosomes and their movement towards opposite ends of the cell?

Anaphase Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of nucleolus in the cell?

Produces ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is an example of a homogeneous mixture?

Saltwater Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

Modification and packaging of proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between meiosis and mitosis?

Meiosis involves two rounds of cell division, while mitosis involves one round of cell division Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of amylase in digestion?

Breaks down carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the phospholipid bilayer in the cell membrane?

To allow some substances to pass through while preventing others Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability of cells to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment?

Homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which cells break down raw materials from the environment into usable building blocks?

Catabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

To strengthen the cell membrane and prevent it from breaking Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mitochondria?

To produce energy for the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability of cells to sense and respond to changes in the external environment?

Irritability Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nucleolus in the cell?

To produce ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a mixture in which particles do not dissolve but remain evenly distributed in a solvent?

Colloid Signup and view all the answers

Which solution has the same overall concentration of solutes as the cell, resulting in no net water gain or loss?

Isotonic solution Signup and view all the answers

Which solution has a greater overall concentration of solutes than the cell, causing water to flow out of the cell and the cell to shrink?

Hypertonic solution Signup and view all the answers

Which solution has a lower overall concentration of solutes than the cell, causing water to flow into the cell and the cell to swell?

Hypotonic solution Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH range of a neutral solution on the pH scale?

7 Signup and view all the answers

Which compounds help maintain a stable pH or resist sharp changes in pH?

Buffers Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH range of blood, which is slightly basic?

8-14 Signup and view all the answers

Which compounds are capable of donating a hydrogen ion to another substance in a solution?

Acids Signup and view all the answers

Which compounds usually contain a hydroxyl ion and are capable of accepting a hydrogen ion from another substance in a solution?

Bases Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Structure and Function

Cells are the basic units of life and vary in size, shape, and function.
Cells share common characteristics such as the ability to respond to stimuli, move, and maintain homeostasis.
The cell membrane, made up of phospholipids, surrounds the cell and controls what enters and exits.
The cell membrane also contains proteins that act as channels, transporters, receptors, and identity markers.
The cytoplasm is the gel-like fluid inside the cell that contains organelles, proteins, lipids, carbs, and electrolytes.
Organelles are structures in the cell that perform specific functions, such as the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, centrioles, cilia, flagella, and mitochondria.
The nucleus is the command center of the cell and contains chromosomes made of DNA and proteins.
The endoplasmic reticulum is a transportation system in the cell, with smooth ER involved in lipid synthesis and rough ER involved in protein synthesis.
Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.
The Golgi apparatus creates and packages vesicles.
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes and help clean up the cell.
Mitochondria are the site of cellular respiration, producing ATP as the energy molecule for the cell.

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Test your knowledge on hormones, enzymes, and catalysts in this quiz. Learn about insulin, the function of enzymes, and the role of catalysts in chemical reactions. Find out how these concepts are connected and expand your understanding in this interactive quiz.